Providing current and future cellular services to high speed trains

Abstract

Abstract-The demand for a broadband wireless connection is nowadays no longer limited to stationary situations, but also required while traveling. Therefore, there exist combined efforts to provide wireless access also on High Speed Trains (HSTs), in order to add to the attractiveness of this means for transportation. Installing an additional relay on the train, to facilitate the communication, is an approach that has already been extensively discussed in literature. The possibility of a direct communication between the base station and the passenger has been neglected until now, despite it having numerous advantages. Therefore, a comparison between these two opposing approaches is presented in this paper, accompanied by a detailed discussion of the related aspects. The focus is set on the feasibility of the direct link approach, including simulation results. Further technical issues are also presented, especially regarding the interdependencies of the different aspects and providing a view of mobile-and train-operators on the topic.

Examining cellular access systems on trains: Measurements and change detection

“…Other studies in this environment include for example [1], [4], [7], [10], [11], [12]. These studies are primarily concerned with radio level aspects, or using LTE in general, for enabling connectivity on trains.…”

“…For this paper, we perform studies of such an access terminal system consisting of an aggregation gateway with WiFi on the LAN side and LTE on the WAN side. In further related work, Mueller et al [11] compare the performance of using a train access terminal versus users having a direct connection, by means of simulation studies. The results show that access terminals Track Nr of Nr router Nr of Avg name Length journeys ids cellids velocity StoGbg 485 km 2380 54 5589 103 km/h StoMal 615 km 3900 36 5048 137 km/h StoKsd 325 km 1458 52 2765 135 km/h Overall 7738 97 11644 125 km/h Table I: Train route characteristics 0 50 100 150 200 Train provide the best performance, but individual connectivity is also performing well.…”

Two-way decode-and-forward cooperative systems with signal space diversity

“…Using the Taylor series to approximate terms such as exp − μ th − γ h 1 / γ b 1 + γ h 1 and solving the integral in the previous expression, we obtain P…”

“…Cooperative relaying has gained a lot of interest from both academic and industrial communities due to its application prospects to facilitate range-rate improvements of future wireless communication systems [1][2][3][4]. Cooperative relaying offers significant performance benefits in enabling connectivity, and increasing coverage, power saving, spectral efficiency, spatial diversity, and channel capacity [5,6].…”

Feasibility Studies on the Use of Higher Frequency Bands and Beamforming Selection Scheme for High Speed Train Communication

“…Previous studies in [37] identified the critical differences between the railway communication system and the conventional cellular system with the proposed transmission schemes for the HST scenario using a two-hop network architecture. A single hop network architecture was adopted in [38], where advanced collaboration schemes were used to improve the throughput. However, with the increasing data rate requirement, the use of advanced transmission schemes and techniques at microwave bands is not enough to meet the data rate demand.…”