Protuberance interference heating in high-speed flow

Hypersonic interference heating in the vicinity of surface protuberances

“…These findings suggest that the maximum heating in the vicinity of surface protuberances is independent of protuberance height when the boundary layer ahead of the protuberance remains unseparated. This is in contrast to equivalent studies by Hung and Clauss (1980) and Hung and Patel (1984) in which the boundary layer was fully separated ahead of the protuberance. The present investigation, however, has not considered h/δ u ratios lower than 1.…”

“…Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the heat flux augmentation is higher than with taller protuberances and thus they are not considered of particular importance. The effect of width within short span protuberance configurations (about W/δ u ≤10) on the magnitude of the hot spot is negligible in interactions with an upstream unseparated boundary layer as in short and wide protuberances with upstream boundary layer separation (Hung and Patel, 1984). Fig.…”

“…Jones (1964), Price and Stallings (1967), Coleman and Lemmon (1973), Neumann and Hayes (1981) and Wang et al (1998). The most relevant experimental studies on surface protuberances to date are those performed by Hung and Clauss (1980) and Hung and Patel (1984), who studied the fully separated interaction induced by cylindrical and rectangular protuberances under both laminar and turbulent conditions. Based on their work, distinction can be made between tall (h>2Ø or h>2W), short (h<Ø or h<W) and wide protuberances (Ø   or W   , i.e.…”

Reattachment heating upstream of short compression ramps in hypersonic flow

“…1). These interactions are strongly three-dimensional and present similar features to more commonly investigated interactions such as those induced by blunt fins (Jones 1964;Neumann and Hayes 1981), cylindrical obstacles in hypersonic flow (Hung and Patel 1984;Nestler 1985;Tang and Yu 1992;Avallone et al 2015) and other specific protuberances (Neumann and Freeman 2012;Kumar andReddy 2013, 2014), which generally involve the formation of a primary horseshoe vortex upon separation and its interaction with the resulting shock structure as it stretches around the obstacle. This study continues from that in Estruch-Samper et al (2010), where semi-empirical correlations of the average heat transfer in the 'hot spot' region were derived based on common nondimensional terms (Mach, Reynolds and Stanton numbers).…”

Heating Augmentation for Short Hypersonic Protuberances

“…An attempt was also made to examine k/δ as a correlation parameter. This parameter was used by Hung and Patel, 11 primarily, for large k/δ. They have shown a large uncertainty in heating augmentation associated with this parameter.…”