Protracted withdrawal syndromes from benzodiazepines

Regulation of GABAAReceptor Subunit Expression by Pharmacological Agents

“…They are especially effective in short-term treatment. However, therapy with BZs is often prolonged, which is associated with the most serious problems of BZ usage: development of tolerance and dependence (Ashton, 1991;Pé-tursson, 1994). Tolerance to sedative and ataxic effects of BZs usually develops at a faster rate than tolerance to their anxiolytic effects (File, 1985;Hutchinson et al, 1996).…”

Correction

“…On discontinuation of benzodiazepines, withdrawal symptoms typically develop which may persist for weeks or months. 1 Antagonism of the GABA A receptor is believed to be responsible for the CNS toxicity of fluoroquinolones affecting 1-4% of patients treated. 2 Fluoroquinolones have also been found to inhibit benzodiazepine receptor binding.…”

Transtorno bipolar do humor e uso indevido de substâncias psicoativas

“…A prevalência é ainda maior quando, além do transtorno bipolar e do uso de substâncias psicoativas, um transtorno de conduta é diagnosticado (Biederman et al, 2000).…”

“…Requerem, por isso, um julgamento clínico apurado no diagnóstico diferencial (Ashton, 1991). As substâncias químicas, per se, são capazes de induzir ou piorar síndromes depressivas ou maniformes, que remitem ou melhoram apenas com a abstinência, muitas vezes não requerendo tratamento medicamentoso posterior (Brunette et al, 2003;Crawford et al, 2003;Rush, 2003).…”