Proton Therapy for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers With Clinical Perineural Invasion

Abstract

In early stage HPV-tumors, 3% cells were CD98+/BMI1+ compared to 6% in HPV+ tumors. In late stage, both HPV-and HPV+ tumors had 9% of CD98+/BMI1+ cells. We didn't have enough samples to evaluate the impact of smoking status. None of these comparisons was statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing, based on a level of significance of 0.05. Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis, there were no differences in CD44, CD166, BMI1, or CD98 marker expression (either singly or combination) between HPV+ and HPV-patients. Currently, our results suggest that there is no significant difference in biology between CSCs in HPV+ compared to HPV-tumors. It is also possible that CSC numbers or biology do not play key roles in HPV-driven OPSCC, and other genetic or immune-based mechanisms underlie the more favorable biology of this subset of patients. Further studies including larger cohorts may provide a better understanding of the association between HPV infection and CSC biology.

Radiotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: current standards and outlooks

“…Близкофокусная радиотерапия или электронный пучок обычно используют при поверхностном расположении опухоли [72,73]. С целью минимизации токсических эффектов в первую очередь со стороны располагающихся непосредственно за мишенью нормальных тканей может применяться протонный пучок [74,75].…”

Adjuvant therapy for high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: 10‐year review

“…Orthovoltage or electron beam RT techniques are commonly utilized for superficial targets 47,48 . Protons can also be utilized in the form of proton beam RT (PBRT), which delivers even lower doses to tissue beyond the target and, thus, may have less toxic effects 45,49,50 . RT is usually administered following surgical excision (adjuvantly) and is not usually recommended as monotherapy or definitive treatment in resectable high‐risk cSCC 7,51 .…”

“… 47 , 48 Protons can also be utilized in the form of proton beam RT (PBRT), which delivers even lower doses to tissue beyond the target and, thus, may have less toxic effects. 45 , 49 , 50 RT is usually administered following surgical excision (adjuvantly) and is not usually recommended as monotherapy or definitive treatment in resectable high‐risk cSCC. 7 , 51 However, RT may be recommended as primary treatment (curative setting, or burden management and/or palliative setting) for nonsurgical candidates, in cases where adequate surgical resection may cause anatomically dysfunctional or cosmetically unfavorable outcomes, and/or when patients refuse surgical intervention.…”