Highly
chemoselective reduction of α,β-unsaturated
ketones to saturated ketones and stereoselective reduction of alkynes
to (E)-alkenes has been developed under a transition-metal-free
condition using a xanthate/formic acid mixture through proton-coupled
electron transfer (PCET). Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations
support the possibility of a concerted proton electron-transfer (CPET)
pathway. This Birch-type reduction demonstrates that a small nucleophilic
organic molecule can be used as a single electron-transfer (SET) reducing
agent with a proper proton source.