Proton range monitoring using 13N peak for proton therapy applications

Islam, M Rafiqul; Beni, Mehrdad Shahmohammadi; Ng, Chor-Yi; Miyake, Masakazu; Rahman, Mahabubur; Ito, Shigeki; Gotoh, Shinichi; Yamaya, Taiga; Watabe, Hiroshi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263521

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The obtained offset value is in a good agreement with our previous work on irradiation of homogeneous phantoms [ 18 ]. For the SOBP proton beam results shown in Figure 4 b, the 13N peak is within the same ~1 to ~2 mm offset distance that we have previously reported [ 18 ]. However, since the SOBP is broad, the 13 N peak would be inside the SOBP region, see Figure 4 b. Interestingly, the generated 13 N peak in the SOBP region (see Figure 4 b) is broader than that of pristine Bragg peak (see Figure 4 a), mainly due to the proton beam energy modulation that was used to achieve a spread-out Bragg peak.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Comparing the offset distance between the Bragg peak and the 13 N peak, an offset distance of ~1 mm was obtained for both peaks shown in Figure 4 a. The obtained offset value is in a good agreement with our previous work on irradiation of homogeneous phantoms [ 18 ]. For the SOBP proton beam results shown in Figure 4 b, the 13N peak is within the same ~1 to ~2 mm offset distance that we have previously reported [ 18 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similar to our previous works on homogeneous targets [ 18 , 19 ], we have employed our previously developed SA technique to quantify the amount of produced 15 O, 11 C, and 13 N positron emitting radionuclides in the modelled target phantoms. The SA was initially developed for kinetic analysis of PET tracer [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the low threshold and rather substantial yield of 13 N producing nuclear reaction, it was found to be useful for proton range monitoring and verification [ 17 ]. Previously, we have investigated the use of this nuclear reaction and the generated 13 N peak for proton range monitoring and verification in homogeneous targets both numerically [ 18 ] and experimentally [ 19 ]. In our previous works, we have also developed a spectral analysis (SA) approach to detect 13 N production from dynamic PET data and succeeded in rendering 13 N distribution proximal to the Bragg peak in homogenous phantom targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, we have extended our previously developed tools [ 18 , 19 ] for investigating the feasibility of using 13 N for proton range monitoring and verification in inhomogeneous target phantoms. The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) ( (accessed on 14 September 2022)) Monte Carlo (MC) package was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Feasibility Study on Proton Range Monitoring Using 13N Peak in Inhomogeneous Targets

et al. 2022

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Proton irradiations are highly sensitive to spatial variations, mainly due to their high linear energy transfer (LET) and densely ionizing nature. In realistic clinical applications, the targets of ionizing radiation are inhomogeneous in terms of geometry and chemical composition (i.e., organs in the human body). One of the main methods for proton range monitoring is to utilize the production of proton induced positron emitting radionuclides; these could be measured precisely with positron emission tomography (PET) systems. One main positron emitting radionuclide that could be used for proton range monitoring and verification was found to be 13N that produces a peak close to the Bragg peak. In the present work, we have employed the Monte Carlo method and Spectral Analysis (SA) technique to investigate the feasibility of utilizing the 13N peak for proton range monitoring and verification in inhomogeneous targets. Two different phantom types, namely, (1) ordinary slab and (2) MIRD anthropomorphic phantoms, were used. We have found that the generated 13N peak in such highly inhomogeneous targets (ordinary slab and human phantom) is close to the actual Bragg peak, when irradiated by incident proton beam. The feasibility of using the SA technique to estimate the distribution of positron emitter was also investigated. The current findings and the developed tools in the present work would be helpful in proton range monitoring and verification in realistic clinical radiation therapy using proton beams.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Feasibility Study on Proton Range Monitoring Using 13N Peak in Inhomogeneous Targets

et al. 2022

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On the effectiveness of proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) at cellular level

Beni

Islam

Kim

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The present work introduced a framework to investigate the effectiveness of proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) at the cellular level. The framework consisted of a cell array generator program coupled with PHITS Monte Carlo package with a dedicated terminal-based code editor that was developed in this work. The framework enabled users to model large cell arrays with normal, all boron, and random boron filled cytoplasm, to investigate the underlying mechanism of PBFT. It was found that alpha particles and neutrons could be produced in absence of boron mainly because of nuclear reaction induced by proton interaction with 16O, 12C and 14N nuclei. The effectiveness of PBFT is highly dependent on the incident proton energy, source size, cell array size, buffer medium thickness layer, concentration and distribution of boron in the cell array. To quantitatively assess the effectiveness of PBFT, of the total energy deposition by alpha particle for different cases were determined. The number of alpha particle hits in cell cytoplasm and nucleus for normal and 100 ppm boron were determined. The obtained results and the developed tools would be useful for future development of PBFT to objectively determine the effectiveness of this treatment modality.

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Hybrid imaging of prompt x-rays and induced positrons using a pinhole gamma camera during and after irradiation of protons

Yamamoto¹,

Watabe²,

Nakanishi³

et al. 2023

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Objective. Prompt x-ray imaging using a low-energy x-ray camera is a promising method for observing a proton beam’s shape from outside the subject. Furthermore, imaging of positrons produced by nuclear reactions with protons is a possible method for observing the beam shape. However, it has not been possible to measure these two types of images with a single imaging system due to the limited imaging capability of existing systems. Imaging of both prompt x-rays and the distribution of positrons may compensate for the shortcomings of each method. Approach. We conducted imaging of the prompt x-ray using a pinhole x-ray camera during irradiation with protons in list mode. Then, after irradiation with protons, imaging of annihilation radiations from the produced positrons was conducted using the same pinhole x-ray camera in list mode. After this imaging, list-mode data were sorted to obtain prompt x-ray images and positron images. Main results. With the proposed procedure, we could measure both prompt x-ray images and induced positron images with a single irradiation by a proton beam. From the prompt x-ray images, ranges and widths of the proton beams could be estimated. The distributions of positrons were slightly wider than those of the prompt x-rays. From the time sequential positron images, we could derive the time activity curves of the produced positrons. Significance. Hybrid imaging of prompt x-rays and induced positrons using a pinhole x-ray camera was achieved. The proposed procedure would be useful for measuring prompt x-ray images during irradiation to estimate the beam structures as well as for measuring the induced positron images after irradiation to estimate the distributions and time activity curves of the induced positrons.

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Proton range monitoring using 13N peak for proton therapy applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

A Feasibility Study on Proton Range Monitoring Using 13N Peak in Inhomogeneous Targets

A Feasibility Study on Proton Range Monitoring Using 13N Peak in Inhomogeneous Targets

On the effectiveness of proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) at cellular level

Hybrid imaging of prompt x-rays and induced positrons using a pinhole gamma camera during and after irradiation of protons

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