Proton Irradiation Tolerance of High-Efficiency Perovskite Absorbers for Space Applications

Abstract

Lead halide perovskite single layers with three grain sizes are subjected to proton-beam irradiation in order to assess the durability and radiation tolerance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) against space radiation. Proton-beam irradiation is chosen because proton beams significantly affect solar cell performance in the space environment. We evaluate the effects of proton beams by focusing on the grain structure, crystal structure, and carrier lifetime of a perovskite single layer by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and time-resolved PL (TRPL). The results show that proton irradiation does not significantly affect the grain structure and crystal structure of perovskite layer; the TRPL results show that the carrier lifetime inside the grain is constant up to a fluence of 1 × 10 14 p + /cm 2 and decreases significantly at a fluence of 1 × 10 15 p + /cm 2 . Proton-beam radiation tolerance of the grain inside the perovskite layer is dominant in the radiation tolerance of PSCs.

Perovskite Solar Cells for Space Applications: Progress and Challenges

“…Further away from the Earth, the proton dose will exceed 10 12 p cm −2 , where higher proton doses maybe have unexpected effects. Along this line, Tsoi [33] and Hirose [47] adapted higher proton doses (exceed 10 12 p cm −2 ) Table 1. Overview of high-energy charged particles radiation test of PSCs in the literature; some of the PCEs are estimated based on the remaining factors and the initial PCEs; consequently those estimated values may be imprecise; PCE results are obtained under AM 1.5G spectrum (100 mW cm −2 ).…”

“…d-f) Reproduced with permission. [47] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com decomposition.…”

“…Further away from the Earth, the proton dose will exceed 10 12 p cm −2 , where higher proton doses maybe have unexpected effects. Along this line, Tsoi [ 33 ] and Hirose [ 47 ] adapted higher proton doses (exceed 10 12 p cm −2 ) to process the PSCs and investigate their proton radiation tolerance. When the PSCs with structure quartz/AZO/SnO 2 /Cs 0.05 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 /Spiro/Au were exposed to 150 keV proton radiation from 10 12 to 10 15 p cm −2 .…”

Halide perovskites scintillators: unique promise and current limitations

“… 96 The radiation hardness of PVKs has also been shown to extend to protons and electrons, demonstrating a similar self-healing behaviour after irradiation. 97,98 It is proposed that the lability of the constituent ions in PVK structures allows any defects formed by the radiation to be removed, limiting and recovering from, any damage. In addition, many defects in PVKs introduce only shallow states, and so radiation-induced defects may be benign to operation.…”

Two-dimensional halide perovskite as β-ray scintillator for nuclear radiation monitoring

“…Recently, several groups proposed that HPs can be applied for efficient X-ray and γ-ray sensing in the form of either semiconductors or scintillators [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . Further study also confirms that HPs are quite stable toward these high-energy rays [22][23][24][25][26][27]38 , making ionizing radiation detection a killer grade application of HPs. Significantly, the superior optoelectronic properties also open the possibility of β-ray detection application with HPs, but they suffer from poor stability against charged beams, whether or not and how HPs can be engineered for β-ray detection remain elusive.…”