Proton exchange membranes based on the short-side-chain perfluorinated ionomer

Ghielmi, Alessandro; Vaccarono, Paola; Troglia, C.; Arcella, V.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.068

Cited by 175 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A simpler route for the synthesis of SSC ionomer was developed and marketed under the trade name Aquivion ® (previously Hyflon ® ) by Solvay Solexis [12]. SSC-PFSA ionomer membranes (PEMs) have been previously characterised ex situ and in fuel cells [10,[13][14][15], as have theoretical studies aiming to explain the morphology of SSC-PFSA as a function of IEC [16,17]. The development of new ionomers to replace Nafion as a membrane has led to the incorporation of new ionomers in the catalyst layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell catalyst layers containing short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers

Péron

Edwards

Haldane

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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Porous catalyst layers (CLs) containing short-side-chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers of different ion exchange capacity (IEC: 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 meq g −1 ) were deposited onto Nafion 211 to form catalyst-coated membranes. The porosity of SSC-PFSA-based CLs is larger than Nafion-CL analogues. CLs incorporating SSC ionomer extend the current density of fuel cell polarization curves at elevated temperature and lower relative humidity compared to those based on long-side chain PFSA (e.g., Nafion)-based CLs. Fuel cell polarization performance was greatly improved at 110• C and 30% relative humidity (RH) when SSC PFSI was incorporated into the catalyst layer.Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell catalyst layers containing short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers

Péron

Edwards

Haldane

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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“…A short-side-chain (SSC) PFSA ionomer, originally synthesized by Dow Chemical [8], showed an improvement in proton conductivity compared to Nafion ® [9][10][11][12]. Due to the complexity of the synthetic process, the development of this SSC ionomer has been limited until recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.03.024 crystallinity and glass transition temperature when compared to Nafion ® ; these characteristics make SSC ionomers promising for high-temperature applications. Moreover, the enhanced crystallinity enables the EW of SSC membrane to be reduced to values as low as 700 g eq −1 , without having the membranes dissolve or swell excessively [9]. Compared with 1100 EW Nafion ® , the SSC ionomer with an EW of 858 g eq −1 results in a higher charge carrier concentration, increased proton conductivity, and, thus, a smaller Ohmic potential loss [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low equivalent weight short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers in fuel cell cathode catalyst layers

Lei

Bessarabov

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. The morphology and fuel cell performance of cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) using low equivalent weight (EW) short-side-chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers have been investigated in this work. The results were compared with those for a baseline CCL containing 30 wt% of the conventional ionomer 1100 EW Nafion ® . The CCLs fabricated with 10-20 wt% of the Aquivion TM ionomer displayed a similar morphology to the Nafion ® -based CCLs. Electrochemical surface areas (ECSA) and double layer capacitances of all the Aquivion TM -based samples were similar to those of the baseline. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in CCLs with 20 wt% and 30 wt% Aquivion TM were lower than the baseline under 100% relative humidity (RH), yet similar to the baseline at 70% RH. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements suggested that the lowered ORR kinetics at 100% RH may be attributed to the large mass transport resistance in Aquivion TM -based samples at low current densities. Relative to the baseline, CCLs containing 20 wt% Aquivion TM ionomer demonstrated an improvement in fuel cell performance under operating conditions of 95• C and RH values of 30, 50 and 70%. The greater hydrophilicity of the SSC ionomers is believed to account for the improved fuel cell performance at the relatively higher operating temperature and dry conditions. Crown

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“…Durability studies have shown that PFSI degrades in the presence of radicals, and moreover, reaction products exacerbate the dissolution and transport of Pt from the CL into the membrane. [33][34][35][36] Short side chain PFSA is considered a promising material to replace long-side chain PFSA both as a membrane [37][38][39][40] and in the CL, 41 though the cost of these materials is still a substantial issue for their integration into the commercialization of PEMFCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Péron

Shi

Holdcroft

2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) employing proton conducting membranes are promising power sources for automotive applications. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer represents the state-of-the-art polymer used in both the membrane and catalyst layer to facilitate the transport of protons. However, PFSA ionomer is recognized as having significant drawbacks for largescale commercialization, which include the high cost of synthesis and use of fluorine-based chemistry. According to published research much effort has been directed to the synthesis and study of non-PFSA electrolyte membranes, commonly referred to as hydrocarbon membranes, which has led to optimism that the less expensive proton conducting membranes will be available in the not-so-distant future. Equally important, however, is the replacement of PFSA ionomer in the catalyst layer, but in contrast to membranes, studies of catalyst layers that incorporate a hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte are relatively sparse and have not been reviewed in the open literature; despite the knowledge that hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes in the catalyst layer generally lead to a decrease in electrochemical fuel cell kinetics and mass transport. This review highlights the role of the solid polymer electrolyte in catalyst layers on pertinent parameters associated with fuel cell performance, and focuses on the effect of replacing perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer with hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes. Collectively, this review aims to provide a better understanding of factors that have hindered the transition from PFSA to non-PFSA based catalyst layers.

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Proton exchange membranes based on the short-side-chain perfluorinated ionomer

Cited by 175 publications

References 15 publications

Fuel cell catalyst layers containing short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers

Fuel cell catalyst layers containing short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers

Low equivalent weight short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers in fuel cell cathode catalyst layers

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

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