Porous catalyst layers (CLs) containing short-side-chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers of different ion exchange capacity (IEC: 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 meq g −1 ) were deposited onto Nafion 211 to form catalyst-coated membranes. The porosity of SSC-PFSA-based CLs is larger than Nafion-CL analogues. CLs incorporating SSC ionomer extend the current density of fuel cell polarization curves at elevated temperature and lower relative humidity compared to those based on long-side chain PFSA (e.g., Nafion)-based CLs. Fuel cell polarization performance was greatly improved at 110• C and 30% relative humidity (RH) when SSC PFSI was incorporated into the catalyst layer.Crown
Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was deposited onto porous platinum networks by polarized electrochemical vapor deposition (PEVD) to make composite SOFC anodes. Although performance was poor, both before and after deposition, it was found to be better when high deposition temperatures were used, despite significant loss of electrode porosity during high temperature deposition. When the deposition temperature was lowered, from 1,050 °C to 900 °C, the level of porosity was maintained, but the power output was generally lower. Performance was partially recoverable by increasing the magnitude of the polarizing voltage during deposition. Typically, this led to an increase in deposition current, which in all cases exceeded the required amount for YSZ formation. By increasing the delivery rates of the source materials for yttria and zirconia, the amount of deposit formed could be increased, but excess oxygen at the anode prevented the formation of a continuous layer, in most cases.
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