Proton exchange membrane (PEM) and solid oxide (SOFC) fuel cell based vehicles-a review

Mat, Zuraida Binti Awang; Madya,; Yap, Boon Kar; Hassan, Saiful Hasmady Abu; Talik, Noor Azrina

doi:10.1109/icite.2017.8056893

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…48,49 One of the solutions to enhance the YSZ electrolyte conductivity for the SOFCs operating temperature at low-to-intermediate temperature is reducing the thickness of YSZ electrolyte from 100 μm to 10 μm providing the minimal ohmic resistance, which will make the diffusion of ion oxides or proton easier through the YSZ electrolyte.. 50,51 Besides, the strategy by using the bilayer electrolyte design based on YSZ electrolyte or introducing an alternative oxide ion conductor to YSZ electrolyte will also prepare an excellent conductivity property at low-to-intermediate temperature and reliable to operate the SOFCs system below than 800°C. The operating condition, conductivity, resistance, and structure are discussed based on categories of SOFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

et al. 2019

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are an electrochemical energy converter that receives the world's attention as a power generation system of the future owing to its flexibility to consume various types of fuels, low emission of greenhouses gases, and having high efficiency reaching over 70%. A conventional SOFCs operates at high temperature, typically ranges between 800 to 1000°C. SOFCs use yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte, which exhibits excellent oxide ion conductivity in this temperature range. However, this temperature range poses an issue to SOFCs durability, as it leads to the degradation of the cell components. In addition, SOFCs application is limited and difficult to implement for the transportation sector and portable appliance. A viable solution is to lower the SOFCs operating temperature to intermediate (600 to 800°C ) or low (<600°C) operating temperature. The benefit of this way, cell durability will improve, as well as other advantages such as facilitates handling, assembling, dismantling, cost reduction, and expanded the SOFCs application. Nonetheless, the key challenge for the issue is finding suitable electrolyte, as YSZ have lower ionic conductivity at low and intermediate temperature range. The aim of this paper is to review the status and challenges in the attempts made to modify YSZ electrolyte within the past decade. The resulting ionic conductivity, microstructure, and densification, mechanical and thermal properties of these 'new' electrolytes critically reviewed. The targeted conductivity of modification of YSZ electrolyte must be exceeded >0.1 S cm -1 to enable high performance of SOFCs power generation systems to be realized for transportation and portable applications. Based on our knowledge, this paper is the first review which focused on the recent status and challenges of YSZ electrolyte towards lowering the operating temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

et al. 2019

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“…Despite only few studies have investigated such technology in agriculture until now, fuel cell powertrains seems to be more promising than batteries-powered drivetrains for offroad heavy vehicles electrification [75], thanks to their higher energy density, and to the faster refueling if compared to battery charging. Among present technology, PEM and SO (Solid Oxide) fuel cells are the most suitable solutions for mobile high-power applications [76]. Methanol fuel cells have been also proposed for automotive applications, even though they have lower efficiency than PEM and SO fuel cells.…”

Section: Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrification of Agricultural Machinery: A Review

et al. 2021

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Today, agriculture industry has a significant impact in global greenhouse gas emissions. A large amount of pollutants come from diesel internal combustion engines, widely used in agricultural machinery. Since mechanization in agriculture is fundamental to achieve a proper food production for a growing human population, changes are needed in common agriculture engineering thinking in order to develop new farming machinery that could outperform conventional ones in terms of environmental impact, as well as performance, productivity and safety. Electrification is a feasible solution. A comprehensive review about agricultural machinery electrification is reported in this paper, with a particular focus on hybrid electric tractors and their implements. The introduction of electric drives in farming tractors is discussed in detail by looking at the main findings in literature and considering state-of-the-art technology. Proposals and prototypes from manufacturers are covered too, as well as economic assessments and future trends.

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“…A key benefit of this choice, that makes PEMFCs operation relatively more sufficient for vehicles and transportation applications, is the combination of small dimensions with great dynamic characteristics and high energy efficiency [24]. During the normal mode operation of the HEV, the PEMFC needs an auxiliary, high power density source to avoid the fuel starvation phenomenon due to the on-the-road dynamic power demand [25,26].…”

Section: Electrical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ROS-Based Energy Management System for a Prototype Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle

et al. 2021

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The automotive industry has been rapidly transforming and moving further from internal combustion engines, towards hybrid or electric vehicles. A key component for the successful adoption of the aforementioned approach is their Energy Management Systems (EMSs). In the proposed work, we describe in detail a custom EMS, with unique characteristics, which was developed and installed in a hydrogen-powered prototype vehicle. The development of the EMS was based on off-the-shelf components and the adoption of a Robot Operating System (ROS), a meta-operating system developed for robotic-oriented applications. Our approach offers soft real-time control and the ability to organize the controller of the EMS as a straightforward and comprehensive message system that provides the necessary inter-process communication at the core of the EMS control procedure. We describe in detail the software-based implementation and validate our approach through experimental results obtained while the prototype was racing in a low-energy consumption competition.

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) and solid oxide (SOFC) fuel cell based vehicles-a review

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

Electrification of Agricultural Machinery: A Review

A ROS-Based Energy Management System for a Prototype Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle

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