Electrification of Agricultural Machinery: A Review

Scolaro, Elia; Beligoj, Matteo; Estevez, Manuel Perez; Alberti, Luigi; Renzi, Massimiliano; Mattetti, Michele

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135037

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…3). An exhaustive discussion has been made in [6]. In this work, a parallel hybrid architecture with a stepped transmission was chosen, due to its simple implementation (minimal changes compared to a conventional tractor) and superior transmission efficiency compared to the series architecture.…”

Section: Conventional Tractor Powertrain and Novel Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in [35], a low pass filter was used, adopting as time constant τ the thermal time constant of the EM. The equivalent torque T eq was computed from the instantaneous EM torque T EM using equation (6).…”

Section: B Electric Machine and Power Electronics Design Specsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these reasons encourage the manufacturers to modify the currently adopted powertrain architectures of agricultural machinery and to push forward the industrial and academic research on this topic. Among various proposals, such as the ones described in [6], one feasible solution is the electrification of the conventional drivetrain, following the trend of the automotive industry towards the development of hybrid electric and full-electric on-road vehicles. In addition to fuel consumption and emission reductions, powertrain electrification can offer a variety of new functionalities, depending on the architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility Evaluation of Hybrid Electric Agricultural Tractors Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis

et al. 2022

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In recent years electrification of agricultural machinery vehicles is gaining interest from the manufacturers point of view to meet the emission reduction targets set by several authorities. Some studies have already investigated the topic, however, none of them have dealt with the challenges of agricultural machinery electrification in a general and methodical way. This paper presents a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of tractor powertrain electrification based on life cycle cost analysis. For a parallel hybrid, the best combustion engine downsizing, among some discrete values, was evaluated. The methodology was applied to three case studies with different power levels and operating cycles: a 76 kW orchard tractor, a 175 kW row crop tractor with medium duty use, and a 210 kW row crop tractor with heavy duty use. Fuel and electrical energy consumption were estimated through simulation. A range of powertrain components prices and fuel and electrical energy prices was taken into account, in order to cover price uncertainty and to show its effects. The results show that operating cost savings decrease when more power-intensive operations are performed. Considering a combination of system and energy prices deemed realistic by the authors, the operating cost savings, respectively for orchard, row crop medium duty, and row crop heavy duty, are approximately 8%, 3%, and 0.5%, which result in 6%, 1%, and 0.1% life cycle cost savings. Thus, powertrain electrification of high-power tractors should probably be avoided.

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Section: Conventional Tractor Powertrain and Novel Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Electric Machine and Power Electronics Design Specsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility Evaluation of Hybrid Electric Agricultural Tractors Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…With the rapid development of the agricultural and forestry industry, agricultural and forestry machinery such as wheat harvesters are developing in large-scale, efficient and intelligent directions [22][23][24]. While such harvesters greatly improve efficiency, a large amount of wheat straw powder is produced during the working process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction and Wear Properties of Wheat Straw Powder Third Body on Steel-Steel Friction Pair

Lian

Wang

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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Third body plant fibers have an important influence on the friction and wear properties of metal friction pairs. In this study, wheat straw powder with different particle sizes was prepared, and a pin-on-disk friction tester was employed to evaluate the friction and wear properties of the wheat straw powder third body on steel friction pairs under various conditions. The results show that the straw powder played an isolation role in the steel–steel friction pair, which reduced the contact area between the pin and the disc and thus reduced the friction coefficient. Compared with the large particle size powder, the small particle size powder became embedded in the friction interface or in the groove caused by wear, buffered the friction stress, and reduced the friction coefficient and wear. When lubricants such as lubricating oil or lubricating grease were added, the friction coefficient was significantly reduced. Under the influence of lubricant, the particle size of straw powder had no significant effect on the wear. The results of this study can provide a reference for the third body friction and wear properties of straw powder and the design of friction pairs for metal parts.

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“…Organic rice production must be careful of chemical contamination. Hence, they cannot use conventional agriculture equipment, tools, and machines [2], [3]. Besides, the harvesting time of Phua Long sticky rice is limited to 3-7 days to get the best aroma and flavour of rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of mini smart multipurpose vehicle for organic rice harvesting

Daoden

Sringam

Nicrotha

et al. 2022

IJEECS

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This <span lang="EN-US">research aimed to develop the mini smart multipurpose vehicle (MSMPv) innovative from the conventional agriculture tractor for three objectives. The novel automatic gear modified technique for the MSMPv is proposed, then an idea to enhance peripheral capability through a hitch system. The final purpose is to support the farmer's ability to follow organic agriculture regulations on the issue of contaminated tools and machinery, especially in the rules related to contamination of equipment or machines that cannot share with conventional agricultural production. The organic rice crop plot of Nong Bua Lamphu Province in Thailand has been set to the case study. Here, farmers faced problems; lack of labour, production under an organic system that does not permit chemicals, and limited harvesting. According to the existing technology, this research has developed a typical farm tractor used in the country by inventing a manual transmission engine to an automatic transmission and accessories such as remote control, GPS, camera, and sensors. Thus, the development of this organic rice harvesting prototype should be an approach that provides both the opportunity to raise the self-reliance concept and enhance the knowledge of the development of innovative tools for farmers simultaneously.</span>

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Electrification of Agricultural Machinery: A Review

Cited by 43 publications

References 102 publications

Feasibility Evaluation of Hybrid Electric Agricultural Tractors Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Feasibility Evaluation of Hybrid Electric Agricultural Tractors Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Friction and Wear Properties of Wheat Straw Powder Third Body on Steel-Steel Friction Pair

Development of mini smart multipurpose vehicle for organic rice harvesting

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