“…Depth concentration profiles were determined by fitting the experimental spectra using the RUMP computer code. 17 The used values for protons and deuterons elastic recoil cross sections for He ions where those measured by Kellok and Baglin 18 and Kim et al 19 The XRD analysis was carried out by using a Bruker D8 Advanced Powder diffractometer; the Cu Kα radiation, a graphite monochromator, and a proportional counter with a pulse-height-discriminator were used; the profile intensities were measured step by step, with a definition of 0.02 • in ϑ. The time residence for each step was fixed to 2 seconds.…”
The great interest of the electrochemical industry toward materials that exhibit high electrocatalytic activity and long service-life in electrolytic processes has constantly prompted fundamental research, enhancing the understanding of electrode behavior and the improvement of their performance. One of the most important class of industrial devices is represented by the so-called DSAs, which consist of an electrocatalytic oxide film (usually based on RuO 2 and/or IrO 2 ) deposited on a suitable metal support (titanium). To increase the stability of the material, other oxides (TiO 2 , SnO 2 , etc.) are added to the electrocatalytic one, with the double purpose of increasing the corrosion resistance of the coating and of diluting the main oxide (to minimize the production costs). In this work, mixtures of 35 mol% IrO 2 -65 mol% TiO 2 deposited on titanium supports have been studied by ex-situ (RBS, XRD, ERDA, AFM) and on-site (CV) techniques. Electrodes prepared by an updated sol-gel method and reactive sputtering, at two different temperatures (350 and 450 • C), were investigated with the aim of correlating structural information with electrochemical performances, in terms of number of active electrocatalytic iridium sites. Based on roughness indexes, morphological properties, and of data obtained by nuclear methods for surface analysis and cyclic voltammetry, the behavior of iridium sites has been discussed, attempting a qualitative distinction of roles of roughness and intrinsic catalytic activity in a model-electrochemical reaction, like oxygen evolution reaction. Sputtered samples appear, in general, more compact than sol-gel ones, and a low temperature of pyrolysis favours a more extended electroactive surface. The study of OER demonstrates that the kinetics of gas evolution proceeds via the electrochemical oxide formation pathway (Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism) on all samples.
“…Depth concentration profiles were determined by fitting the experimental spectra using the RUMP computer code. 17 The used values for protons and deuterons elastic recoil cross sections for He ions where those measured by Kellok and Baglin 18 and Kim et al 19 The XRD analysis was carried out by using a Bruker D8 Advanced Powder diffractometer; the Cu Kα radiation, a graphite monochromator, and a proportional counter with a pulse-height-discriminator were used; the profile intensities were measured step by step, with a definition of 0.02 • in ϑ. The time residence for each step was fixed to 2 seconds.…”
The great interest of the electrochemical industry toward materials that exhibit high electrocatalytic activity and long service-life in electrolytic processes has constantly prompted fundamental research, enhancing the understanding of electrode behavior and the improvement of their performance. One of the most important class of industrial devices is represented by the so-called DSAs, which consist of an electrocatalytic oxide film (usually based on RuO 2 and/or IrO 2 ) deposited on a suitable metal support (titanium). To increase the stability of the material, other oxides (TiO 2 , SnO 2 , etc.) are added to the electrocatalytic one, with the double purpose of increasing the corrosion resistance of the coating and of diluting the main oxide (to minimize the production costs). In this work, mixtures of 35 mol% IrO 2 -65 mol% TiO 2 deposited on titanium supports have been studied by ex-situ (RBS, XRD, ERDA, AFM) and on-site (CV) techniques. Electrodes prepared by an updated sol-gel method and reactive sputtering, at two different temperatures (350 and 450 • C), were investigated with the aim of correlating structural information with electrochemical performances, in terms of number of active electrocatalytic iridium sites. Based on roughness indexes, morphological properties, and of data obtained by nuclear methods for surface analysis and cyclic voltammetry, the behavior of iridium sites has been discussed, attempting a qualitative distinction of roles of roughness and intrinsic catalytic activity in a model-electrochemical reaction, like oxygen evolution reaction. Sputtered samples appear, in general, more compact than sol-gel ones, and a low temperature of pyrolysis favours a more extended electroactive surface. The study of OER demonstrates that the kinetics of gas evolution proceeds via the electrochemical oxide formation pathway (Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism) on all samples.
“…Also, Figure shows the SIMNRA simulation to fit each spectrum. The proton elastic recoil cross sections used were those in ref . 6 ERD spectra and SIMNRA simulations.…”
The utility of ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques to quantitatively determine impurities in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over a wide range of atomic numbers is demonstrated. Such techniques have not previously been used to monitor impurities and their effects in this unique material. Despite the difficulty in mounting the samples (which generally are formed into a powdery aggregate rather in a thin film), it is shown that reliable and accurate measurements of impurity concentrations can be achieved. Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and elastic recoil detection (ERD) analyses were used to characterize both metallic and very light (e.g., hydrogen) impurities in CNTs. This paper reports the first direct measurement of hydrogen in CNTs using an IBA technique. This is significant because CNTs are being actively investigated for hydrogen storage technology for energy applications.
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