Proton conducting polymer electrolyte based on plasticized chitosan–PEO blend and application in electrochemical devices

Hydrogen ion conducting starch-chitosan blend based electrolyte for application in electrochemical devices

“…The characteristics of the present primary proton batteries are comparable with other reported works [5,42,55]. In order to fabricate a rechargeable (secondary) proton battery, the highest conducting electrolyte solution has been added to the cathode.…”

“…To determine the value of t + of the electrolytes, suitable anion blocking electrode which is proton transparent should be used. From the literature, MnO 2 has been widely used as cathode active material for intercalation of proton in proton batteries [5,6,42,55]. Based on this fact, MnO 2 is chosen to be used as the electrodes.…”

“…This is because of the small radius of proton (H + ) makes it suitable for better intercalation into the layered structure of cathode [4]. For battery application, most of the proton conducting electrolytes are electrochemically decomposed at $1 to $2 V compared to Li + electrolytes ($4 V) [5][6][7][8][9]. However, due to the low cost of electrode and electrolyte materials used for proton batteries as well as no safety issues associated with them, proton batteries appear as a good alternative for low energy density battery applications [4,10].…”

“…In the development of electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC), many materials have been used as electrode active material like carbon aerogel [20,21], manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) [22], graphite [5,23] and activated carbon [24][25][26]. However, activated carbon is preferred due to its outstanding properties such as high surface area, low cost, high conductivity and good chemical stability [26].…”

A review of polymer electrolytes: fundamental, approaches and applications

“…The addition of liquid plasticizers is widely employed to prepare the PEs. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diocthyl adipate (DOA), DBP, DEC, PC and EC are among the commonly used plasticizers with low molecular weight [56, 69,125]. Other examples of plasticizer solvents include alkyl phthalates, dimethyl formamide (DMF), diethyl phthalate (DEP), g-butyrolactone (BL), glycol sulfite (GS) and methylethyl carbonate (MEC) have also been used.…”