Protocols for hyperlactatemia induction in the lactate minimum test adapted to swimming rats

Araujo, Gustavo Gornes de; Papoti, Marcelo; Manchado, Fúlvia de Barros; Mello, María Alice Rostom de; Gobatto, Cláudio Alexandre

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.09.002

Cited by 78 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, there was a great variation on platelets activation regarding to endurance exercise in literature (31), being the activation associated to the factors explained in the introduction section, as muscular microtrauma releasing platelets from the spleen and lungs (8,11). Considering these known platelets variation owing to a specifi c exercise intensity, we individually prescribed the exercise through lactate minimum test, a robust and valid protocol contained in swimming rats literature (19,20,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This nadir was calculated through second order polynomial adjust and indicated the maximal intensity when the release and consumption of blood lactate was equal, representing the maximal lactate steady state phenomena in swimming rats (19). The lactate minimum intensity (LMi) and lactatemia corresponding to LMi (LLM) were determined as described elsewhere (20).…”

Section: Swimming Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary and secondary thrombocytosis induced by exercise and environmental luminosity

Beck¹,

Scariot²,

Gobatto³

2014

BLL

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Abstract:Objectives: We investigated the exercise and different environmental luminosities effects on blood platelets count in order to identify primary and secondary thrombocytosis, respectively. Background: Platelets alteration has been associated with important pathological events, such as neurodegenerative diseases, and the count of these cells in bloodstream is infl uenced by several effects, including physical and chemical. Owing the diffi culty to study the aetiology of thrombocytosis in human models, we employed acute and chronic free drug interventions in order to identify these two types of this important disease in laboratory animals. Methods: Forty rats were exposed to standard (SI) or experimental (EI) illumination from 45 days-old. Both groups were exposed to 12 h daylight (2700 K; 565-590 nm; < 60 lux; from 06:00 h to 18:00 h). During dark period SI animals were kept in total darkness while EI remained under red light (> 600 nm, < 15 lux). At 92 days-old, exercised animals were submitted to an acute bout of swimming at individualized intensity and control animals remained at rest. Results: Blood samples were collected immediately after the exercise for platelets count, which were among 849000 ± 115817 and 1085600 ± 177089/mm³ of blood. Exercise (F = 6.91; p = 0.01) and EI (F = 6.66; p = 0.01) increased platelets count, showing no interaction between effects (F = 0.01; p = 0.89). Conclusion: Primary thrombocytosis was detected owing an acute exercise and the secondary thrombocytosis due to the constant red light during dark period, without any pharmacological interventions and strongly respecting the ethical aspects, enabling future studies on aetiology of thrombocytosis through this model (Fig. 2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Swimming Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and secondary thrombocytosis induced by exercise and environmental luminosity

Beck¹,

Scariot²,

Gobatto³

2014

BLL

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“…Through blood lactate and exercise intensity we employed a second order polynomial function in order to determine the lactate minimum intensity (LMi; function's nadir interpolated to X axis), lactataemia for the lactate minimum test (LLM; nadir interpolation to Y axis) and determination coefficient (R 2 ). We considered success for LMT determination when the rat achieved at least three completed stages of the incremental phase, the first term of the polynomial function was positive and the R 2 was >0.80, thereby determining the LMT success percentage (%S) as described elsewhere (11).…”

Section: Swimming Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high wavelengths low intensity light during dark period on physical exercise performance, biochemical and haematological parameters of swimming rats

Beck

Gobatto

2016

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Nocturnal rodents should be assessed at an appropriate time of day, which leads to a challenge in identifying an adequate environmental light which allows animal visualisation without perturbing physiological homeostasis. Thus, we analysed the influence of high wavelength and low intensity light during dark period on physical exercise and biochemical and haematological parameters of nocturnal rats. We submitted 80 animals to an exhaustive exercise at individualised intensity under two different illuminations during dark period. Red light (> 600 nm; < 15lux) was applied constantly during dark period (EI; for experimental illumination groups) or only for handling and assessments (SI; for standard illumination groups). EI led to worse haematological and biochemical conditions, demonstrating that EI alone can influence physiological parameters and jeopardise result interpretation. SI promotes normal physiological conditions and greater aerobic tolerance than EI, showing the importance of a correct illumination pattern for all researchers that employ nocturnal rats for health/disease or sports performance experiments.Keywords: rats, chronobiology, aerobic tolerance, haematology, environmental illumination, exerciseMany authors have postulated the existence of circadian rhythms for physical exercise performance (12, 32), however, some of them do not entirely agree (10, 41). Despite lack of consensus, a common point raised over the years is the presence of confounding effects that disturb experimental control in human model investigations involving exercise chronobiology (12,17,32,41). In summary, confounding effects comprise social, nutritional, motivational and time-awake variations, masking the real chronobiological phenomena. In order to optimise such methodological control the animal model certainly becomes an interesting way. Rat circadian rhythms are well characterised by high core body temperature (25, 36), spontaneous activity (21), food intake, heart rate and locomotion (25) during dark period, representing 62% of total sleep time in the daylight period (38). Circadian modulations of these parameters are mainly synchronised by environmental light for these mammals (8,20,26). During the wakefulness period these nocturnal laboratory animals are usually kept under total darkness, promoting an optimum environment for the rat but adverse conditions for visualisation-based assessments. This condition encourages researchers to apply procedures under indiscriminate environmental light and time of day.

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“…Duas semanas depois da confirmação da DM os animais de ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min. Uma carga equivalente a 4,5% do peso corporal foi anexada no dorso dos animais, por representar uma intensidade de exercício predominantemente aeróbia conforme Oliveira et al, (4) e Araújo et al, (17) . As análises bioquímicas foram realizadas pré e pós-exercício com a retirada de dois capilares com sangue.…”

Section: Materiais E Métodos Animaisunclassified

Efeitos do exercicio agudo sobre biomarcadores sericos de ratos diabeticos

Milioni

Antunes

Teixeira-Arroyo

et al. 2014

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOIntrodução: As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a creatina quinase (CK) séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos. Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA) e controles (CA). O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma  (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal). Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício. Resultados: ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA. Conclusão: O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais.Palavras-chave: exercício aeróbico, diabetes mellitus, aloxana, ratos Wistar. ABSTRACT Introduction: The responses to acute exercise on biomarkers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) serum levels have been little investigated in diabetic rats. Objectives: To investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on the concentrations of CK and ALP as well as evaluating the hydration status in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Were used male Wistar rats, young adults, divided into two groups: diabetic (DA) and controls (CA). The diabetes was induced in the rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate Sigma

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Protocols for hyperlactatemia induction in the lactate minimum test adapted to swimming rats

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Primary and secondary thrombocytosis induced by exercise and environmental luminosity

Primary and secondary thrombocytosis induced by exercise and environmental luminosity

Effect of high wavelengths low intensity light during dark period on physical exercise performance, biochemical and haematological parameters of swimming rats

Efeitos do exercicio agudo sobre biomarcadores sericos de ratos diabeticos

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