Protocol for Measuring the Endurance Capacity of Mice in an Adjustable-current Swimming Pool

Mizunoya, Wataru; Oyaizu, Shinichi; Ishihara, Kengo; Fushiki, Tohru

doi:10.1271/bbb.66.1133

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Details of these methods have been described in a previous report. 8) The mice were deprived of food for 11 h, allowed access to the control diet for 2 h and then fasted again for 1 h. The mice were then orally administered with 5 ml/kg of body weight (10 mg/kg of body weight) of a 6.48 mmol/l capsiate solution or 5 ml/kg of body weight of a vehicle (control) at 12:00. Measurement of their maximum swimming times was started at 13:00.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsiate, a Nonpungent Capsaicin Analog, Increases Endurance Swimming Capacity of Mice by Stimulation of Vanilloid Receptors

Haramizu

Mizunoya

Masuda

et al. 2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsiate, a Nonpungent Capsaicin Analog, Increases Endurance Swimming Capacity of Mice by Stimulation of Vanilloid Receptors

Haramizu

Mizunoya

Masuda

et al. 2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…[21][22][23] Briefly, we used an acrylic pool (length Â width Â depth: 90 Â 45 Â 45 cm 3 ) filled with water to a depth of 38 cm. The current in the pool was generated by a pump (type C-P60H; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), and the strength was adjusted using a valve.…”

Section: Swimming Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of diet-induced obesity by a combination of tea-catechin intake and regular swimming

et al. 2005

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Objective: Obesity is a metabolic disorder resulting from imbalance between metabolizable energy intake and energy expenditure. It is known to be a strong risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term intake of tea catechins (Cat) in combination with regular exercise (Ex) on the development of obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Design: We compared body weight, adipose tissue mass, plasma parameters and b-oxidation activity in mice fed a low-fat diet (5% triglyceride (TG); LF), a high-fat diet (30% TG; HF), a HF diet supplemented with 0.5% (w/w) tea Cat, a HF diet in addition to swimming Ex or a HF diet plus 0.5% tea Cat in addition to swimming Ex (Cat þ Ex) for 15 weeks. Oxygen consumption and respiratory quotients were measured using indirect calorimetry. Results: Tea-Cat intake in combination with swimming Ex suppressed HF diet-induced body-weight gain by 18 and 22%, respectively, compared to Ex and tea-Cat intake on their own. Visceral fat accumulation and the development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia were also reduced in the HF þ Cat þ Ex group. Muscular b-oxidation activity in this group was 69 and 52% higher, respectively, than that in the HF and HF þ Cat groups. Lipid oxidation, determined using indirect calorimetry, was higher in the HF þ Cat þ Ex group, suggesting increased lipid utilization at the individual level. Conclusion: These results indicate that intake of tea Cat, together with regular Ex helps to reduce diet-induced obesity. This effect might be attributed, at least in part, to the activation of whole-body energy metabolism.

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“…Effect of L-CHO diet on swimming time until fatigue . Based on the preliminary swimming time until fatigue, 24 of 42 mice were selected for this part of the study using a selection algorithm described elsewhere ( 19 ). Mice were divided into two groups, with one group fed an AIN-93-based L-CHO high-fat diet (mixture of 550 g of lard and 1 kg of AIN-93G diet) and the other group fed AIN-93G diet for 3 d before measurement of swimming time until fatigue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the preliminary swimming time until fatigue, 32 of 63 mice were selected for this part of the study using the same selection algorithm described previously ( 19 ). Mice were divided into three groups and 300 or 500 L of blood was collected by a retroorbital bleed under ether anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Swimming Pool Achieves Higher Reproducibility and Sensitivity to Effect of Food Components as Ergogenic Aids

Ishihara

Yamada

Mita

et al. 2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary A previously developed current swimming pool for mice has been used to evaluate many food components that enhance endurance exercise performance. In this article, to improve reproducibility, reliability and sensitivity of this assay system, we improved the spout part to generate a uniform current and divided the pool into six lanes to avoid physical interference between swimming mice. The stability of the current flow was assessed by measuring the surface current speed and water volume from the spout part. Maximum swimming times of ddY and BALB/c mice were measured to assess the reproducibility of the maximum swimming time. The improvement in sensitivity compared to the original equipment was estimated under three physiological conditions: low carbohydrate diet feeding, low blood hemoglobin level, and carbohydrate supplementation during exercise. The new spout part improved uniformity and quick adjustment of surface current, yielding an increase of workload in a stepwise manner during swimming. Exercise workload was increased in proportion to surface current speed, as evidenced by cadence of kicks and serum lactic acid levels. The improved swimming pool showed higher reproducibility of swimming time until fatigue ( p Ͻ 0.0001). Correspondence between blood hemoglobin concentration and swimming time was improved in the swimming pool. The improved swimming pool yielded higher sensitivity for low carbohydrate diet feeding ( p Ͻ 0.0001) and carbohydrate supplementation during exercise ( p Ͻ 0.01) compared to the original swimming pool. The improvement of the swimming pool achieved higher sensitivity and reproducibility in assessing various diet and food components compared to the original swimming pool.

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Protocol for Measuring the Endurance Capacity of Mice in an Adjustable-current Swimming Pool

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Capsiate, a Nonpungent Capsaicin Analog, Increases Endurance Swimming Capacity of Mice by Stimulation of Vanilloid Receptors

Capsiate, a Nonpungent Capsaicin Analog, Increases Endurance Swimming Capacity of Mice by Stimulation of Vanilloid Receptors

Reduction of diet-induced obesity by a combination of tea-catechin intake and regular swimming

Improved Swimming Pool Achieves Higher Reproducibility and Sensitivity to Effect of Food Components as Ergogenic Aids

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