Protocatechuic Aldehyde Attenuates UVA-induced Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells by Suppressing MAPKs/AP-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Abstract

<jats:p>Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major causative factor of DNA damage, inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a turnover of various cutaneous lesions resulting in skin photoaging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of protocatechuic aldehyde (PA), which is a nature-derived compound, against UVA-induced photoaging by using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. In this study, our results indicated that PA significantly reduced the levels of intracellular ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandins-E2 (PGE2) in UVA-irradiated HDF cells. It also inhibited the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Besides, PA significantly suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted collagen synthesis in the UVA-irradiated HDF cells. These events occurred through the regulation of activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and p38 signaling pathways in UVA-irradiated HDF cells. Our findings suggest that PA enhances the protective effect of UVA-irradiated photoaging, which is associated with ROS scavenging, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, PA can be a potential candidate for the provision of a protective effect against UVA-stimulated photoaging in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.</jats:p>

Adaptive responses to air pollution in human dermal fibroblasts and their potential roles in aging

“…5 These pathways are responsible for inducing the transcription of both proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and for this reason the roles extrinsic factors such as UV and air pollution play in premature skin aging and inflammatory skin conditions are being investigated. 6 Mitochondrial ETC complex proteins are maintained mainly by nuclear DNA (nDNA) and imported into the mitochondria; however 13 are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and are synthesized inside the mitochondria. 7 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) modulates transcription factors that are responsible for regulating these complex protein-encoding genes and also for proteins involved in mtDNA transcription and regulation.…”

Antiskin Aging Effects of Indole AlkaloidN-Glycoside from Ginkgo Fruit (Ginkgo bilobafruit) on TNF-α-Exposed Human Dermal Fibroblasts

“…When HDFs are exposed to TNF-α, the inhibitory complex is destroyed by the phosphorylation of IκBα. Next, the translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 to the nucleus regulates MMP-1 expression. , Akt regulates NF-κB, which increases the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as COX-2 and iNOS . To analyze the protective effect of GBDE against the inflammatory response, we investigated the inhibitory effect of GBDE on Akt phosphorylation and COX-2 expression in TNF-α-exposed HDFs.…”

Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Ameliorated UVB-Induced Oxidative Damage and Photoaging and Its Underlying Mechanisms

“…Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay as described by Ding et al (2020) [ 42 ]. Briefly, NHDF and B16F10 cells were treated with PL (1.0 mg/mL) for 1 h. The treatment concentration of PL here was chosen according to the results of a preliminary experiment (data not shown), in which we treated cells with different concentration gradients of PL (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/mL).…”