Protocatechuic acid inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy

Xie, Zhoufan; Guo, Ziyan; Wang, Yun; Lei, Jiachuan; Yu, Jianqing

doi:10.1002/ptr.6163

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…PCA administration also led to upregulation of autophagy-related protein LC3-II and induction of GFP-LC3 puncta formation. An inhibitory efficacy of PCA on OVCAR-3 cells may be associated with increased glutathione levels and decreased intracellular ROS [20]. Furthermore, PCA was effective in penetrating cancer cells inducing lactate dehydrogenase leakage and disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential by decreasing Na+/K+-ATPase activity in various cell lines including MCF-7, A549, HepG2, HeLa, and LNCaP cells.…”

Section: Protocatechuic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer

et al. 2020

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Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Different conventional approaches to treat cancer include chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, these are usually associated with various deleterious effects and numerous disadvantages in clinical practice. In addition, there are increasing concerns about drug resistance. In the continuous search for safer and more effective treatments, plant-derived natural compounds are of major interest. Plant phenolics are secondary metabolites that have gained importance as potential anti-cancer compounds. Phenolics display a great prospective as cytotoxic anti-cancer agents promoting apoptosis, reducing proliferation, and targeting various aspects of cancer (angiogenesis, growth and differentiation, and metastasis). Phenolic acids are a subclass of plant phenolics, furtherly divided into benzoic and cinnamic acids, that are associated with potent anticancer abilities in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, the therapeutic activities of phenolic acids are reinforced by their role as epigenetic regulators as well as supporters of adverse events or resistance associated with conventional anticancer therapy. Encapsulation of phyto-substances into nanocarrier systems is a challenging aspect concerning the efficiency of natural substances used in cancer treatment. A summary of phenolic acids and their effectiveness as well as phenolic-associated advances in cancer treatment will be discussed in this review.

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Section: Protocatechuic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer

et al. 2020

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“…Based on our HPLC results, four phenolic compounds, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) (0.65 µg/mg), neochlorogenic acid (3.02 µg/mg), protocatechuic acid (0.06 µg/mg), and syringic acid (0.07 µg/mg) were identified in pectinase‐treated P. mume concentrate. Many studies have proposed that treatment with 5‐HMF (Zhao et al., ), neochlorogenic acid (Fang et al., ; Lin, Hu, Zhou, & Cheung, ), protocatechuic acid (Xie, Guo, Wang, Lei, & Yu, ), and syringic acid (Gheena & Ezhilarasan, ; Hu, Lin, Huang, & Cheung, ) exerts cancer and angiogenesis suppressive activities with regard to several tumor species. Specifically, previous studies reported that 5‐HMF (Zhao et al., ), neochlorogenic acid (Fang et al., ), protocatechuic acid (Xie et al., ), and syringic acid (Gheena & Ezhilarasan, ) inhibited proliferation of various cancer cells at the concentrations of 0.77, 1.77, 25.2, and 4.95 µg/mg, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have proposed that treatment with 5‐HMF (Zhao et al., ), neochlorogenic acid (Fang et al., ; Lin, Hu, Zhou, & Cheung, ), protocatechuic acid (Xie, Guo, Wang, Lei, & Yu, ), and syringic acid (Gheena & Ezhilarasan, ; Hu, Lin, Huang, & Cheung, ) exerts cancer and angiogenesis suppressive activities with regard to several tumor species. Specifically, previous studies reported that 5‐HMF (Zhao et al., ), neochlorogenic acid (Fang et al., ), protocatechuic acid (Xie et al., ), and syringic acid (Gheena & Ezhilarasan, ) inhibited proliferation of various cancer cells at the concentrations of 0.77, 1.77, 25.2, and 4.95 µg/mg, respectively. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid (Lin et al., ), protocatechuic acid, and syringic acid (Hu et al., ) suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary‐like tube formation of HUVECs at a concentration 8.85, 3.85, and 4.95 µg/mL, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Pectinase‐Treated Prunus Mume Fruit Concentrate on Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells

Cho

Kim

Won

et al. 2019

Journal of Food Science

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Pectinase is a well‐known enzyme used in the food processing industry to produce fruit juice and concentrate. This study evaluated the anticancer and antiangiogenesis activities of pectinase‐treated Prunus mume fruit concentrate (PC) and its phenolic components. PC treatment (250 to 1,000 µg/mL) resulted in decreased proliferation of SW480 human colorectal cancer cells through S‐phase cell cycle arrest; however, equivalent concentrations of PC did not show toxicity toward CRL‐1539 colon normal cells. Furthermore, PC‐induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis in SW480 cells, which was characterized by accumulation of apoptotic cell population, cell shrinkage, formation of apoptotic bodies, upregulation of proapoptotic Bax, cleaved PARP, caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2. Antiangiogenesis effects of PC were assessed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that PC did not inhibit HUVECs proliferation at concentrations of 500 to 1,500 µg/mL. In addition, treatment with PC at nontoxic concentrations (500 to 1,000 µg/mL) blocked vascular endothelial growth factor induced cell migration, invasion, capillary‐like tube formation, and angiogenesis from rat aortic rings. HPLC‐PDA analysis showed that there were at least four different phenolics including 5‐HMF, neochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and syringic acid. Taken together, these results indicated that PC could be used as a good source of phenolic compounds with selective anticancer and antiangiogenesis activities. Practical Application Pectinases are one of the well‐known enzyme used in the part of food processing. Treatment of pectinase is a useful strategy to reduce viscosity, turbidity, and pulp particles in the production of fruit juice, extract, and concentrate. In the present study, we found that pectinase‐treated P. mume fruit concentrate significantly suppresses colorectal cancer proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The significance of our findings is that pectinase‐treated P. mume concentrate may be used as a commercial functional food material to inhibit colorectal cancer and angiogenesis.

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“…However, recent studies have also suggested that autophagy can inhibit the growth of OC, since it has been found to promote OVCAR-3 cell death (107). By contrast, findings from another previous study suggested that inhibition of autophagy promoted the proliferation and invasion of OC cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (108).…”

Section: Potential Relationship Between Sirt3 and Autophagy In Ocmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential relationship between Sirt3 and autophagy in ovarian cancer (Review)

Shi

et al. 2020

Oncol Lett

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Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is an important member of the sirtuin protein family. It is a deacetylase that was previously reported to modulate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and limit the extent of oxidative damage in cellular components. As an important member of the class III type of histone deacetylases, Sirt3 has also been documented to mediate nuclear gene expression, metabolic control, neuroprotection, cell cycle and proliferation. In ovarian cancer (OC), Sirt3 has been reported to regulate cellular metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Sirt3 can regulate autophagy through a variety of different molecular signaling pathways, including the p62, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase and mitochondrial ROS-superoxide dismutase pathways. However, autophagy downstream of Sirt3 and its association with OC remains poorly understood. In the present review, the known characteristics of Sirt3 and autophagy were outlined, and their potential functional roles were discussed. Following a comprehensive analysis of the current literature, Sirt3 and autophagy may either serve positive or negative roles in the regulation of OC. Therefore, it is important to identify the appropriate expression level of Sirt3 to control the activation of autophagy in OC cells. This strategy may prove to be a novel therapeutic method to reduce the mortality of patients with OC. Finally, potential research directions into the association between Sirt3 and other signaling pathways were provided.

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Protocatechuic acid inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer

Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids in the Treatment of Cancer

Inhibitory Effects of Pectinase‐Treated Prunus Mume Fruit Concentrate on Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells

Potential relationship between Sirt3 and autophagy in ovarian cancer (Review)

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