Proteus, Matrine, and Pyridalyl Toxicity and Their Sublethal Effects on Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Abstract

Proteus, matrine, and pyridalyl were tested in the laboratory for their effects upon Orius laevigatus (Fieber), which is a polyphagous predator used for IPM programs of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Against female adults, the most toxic insecticide was Proteus (LC50 = 44.3 µl L–1), followed by pyridalyl (LC50 = 83.8 µl L–1) and matrine (LC50 = 102.7 µl L–1). The mortality of female adults was checked 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure to 14-d residues of the treatments on strawberry leaves. The residual of Proteus was less toxic; the remaining products caused the lowest mortality at different times after exposure. Sublethal treatments (LC25) significantly prolonged the developmental duration of total immature stages from 17.6 d in control to 21.6 and 20.0 d in Proteus and pyridalyl treatments, respectively. Also, the fecundity of O. laevigatus treated with Proteus, pyridalyl, and matrine decreased to 58.8%, 75.6%, and 96.7%, respectively, in comparison to the control. Compared with the control population (0.118 d–1), the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of F1 generation decreased by 0.053, 0.095, and 0.110 d–1 in Proteus, pyridalyl, and matrine treatments, respectively. The consumption rate of control bugs reached 14.0 thrips during 24 h. The adults fed on Proteus treatment had the lowest consumption rate in this period (9.4 preys). Overall, matrine proved to be harmless with reproductive capacity and r similar to what was recorded in control bugs. We concluded that matrine can be used as an alternative for the synthetic insecticide to integrate with O. laevigatus.

Screening of the Acaricidal Activity of Essential Oils against Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…Besides, some natural products such as plant extracts and essential oils were also used to control pests [19]. These botanical pesticides, including veratrine [20] and matrine [21], have unique mechanisms of action, are not easy to produce drug resistance, and have the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, and environmental compatibility [22]. Plant essential oil, as the secondary metabolite of plants, is a compound with special aroma, volatility, and solubility in organic solvents.…”

Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity Study of Azidopyridryl Containing Dichlorolpropene Ether Derivatives

“…For example, P. xylostella , one of the most destructive worldwide migratory insects of cruciferous plants, having a serious impact on vegetable production in southern China. − To solve this problem, the development of insecticides with a new mode of action is of the utmost importance. Pyridalyl developed by Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd., Japan, as a new class of insecticides, has a novel but unidentified mode of action with good control efficacy against various lepidopterous and thysanopterous pests on cotton and vegetables without phytotoxicity which are resistant to various currently used insecticides. − As we know, lead structure played a crucial role in the development of pesticide discovery. Especially, a new skeleton with excellent druggability and flexible structural derivation can give rise to a large number of pesticides. − For example, the discovery of the active skeleton of sulfonylurea herbicide led to the creation of a large number of sulfonylurea based herbicides.…”

Integrated management of Drosophila suzukii

“…These findings align with the work of Celiz & Ubaub (2019) who observed a reduction in damage by Thrips hawaiiensis when banana fruit was treated with a matrine-based product, indicating antifeedant properties. Similarly, Kordestani et al (2022) reported the antifeedant and repellent effects of matrine, altering the prey's taste and reducing the consumption by the predator Orius laevigatus. Zanardi et al (2015) in their assessment of a matrine-based biopesticide, also identified antifeedant effects on D. citri, a reduction in the number of eggs laid by P. citri females, and an impact on the larval development of S. frugiperda.…”

“…It is important to have more than one insecticide molecule to be used in integrated pest management, to avoid the evolution of insect resistance. Furthermore, matrine/oxymatrine presents some benefits such as low persistence in the field, minimal impact on the reproduction of the predator O. laevigatus and synergistic effects when combined with the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium (Ali et al, 2017;Kordestani et al, 2022;Zanardi et al, 2015). This underscores the scope and need for further research and field studies for D. suzukii control.…”

“…When used in 90 combination with the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium, matrine has shown synergistic effects in Bemisia tabaci, leading to changes in enzymatic activities (Ali et al, 2017). Anti-feeding/repellency action was also identified as a matrine effect in multiple insects such as flower thrips and Asian citrus psyllid, and Orius laevigatus, although it proved to be harmless to this insect predator (Celiz & Ubaub, 2019;Kordestani, Mahdian, Baniameri, & Garjan, 2022;Zanardi et al, 2015).…”