Proteomics Studies on the three Larval Stages of Development and Metamorphosis of Babylonia areolata

Abstract

The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, is a commercially important aquaculture species in the southeast coast of mainland China. The middle veliger stage, later veliger stage, and juvenile stage are distinct larval stages in B. areolata development. In this study, we used label-free quantification proteomics analysis of the three developmental stages of B. areolata. We identified a total of 5,583 proteins, of which 1,419 proteins expression level showed significant differential expression. The results of gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes were the most abundant. Those proteins mostly had functions such as binding, catalytic activity and transporter activity. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in the ribosome, carbon metabolism, and lysosome pathways were the most abundant, indicating that protein synthesis and the immune response were active during the three stages of development. This is the first study to use proteomics and real-time PCR to study the early developmental stages of B. areolata, which could provide relevant data on gastropod development. Our results provide insights into the novel aspects of protein function in shell formation, body torsion, changes in feeding habits, attachment and metamorphosis, immune-related activities in B. areolata larvae.

Dynamic response in the larval geoduck (Panopea generosa) proteome to elevated pCO2

“…In fact, there is evidence of the neuronal signaling for this transition as high levels of proteins involved in neurotransmitter release were detected on day 17. Changes in expression of neurotransmitter pathway proteins and transcripts have also been noted in other invertebrate larvae as they approach settlement (Niu et al, ; Shen et al, ).…”

“…Across both pH treatments, there were several protein categories that maintained stable abundances throughout the developmental time frame captured and that can be considered essential, (Di et al, 2017;Huan, Wang, Dong, & Liu, 2012). Similarly, the abundance of cytoskeleton construction proteins increased from middle veliger through juvenile stages in the gastropod Babylonia areolata (Shen et al, 2018).…”

“…Other studies have demonstrated ingestion rate increases throughout larval development in the geoduck Panopea globosa (Ferreira‐Arrieta, García‐Esquivel, González‐Gómez, & Valenzuela‐Espinoza, ), which corresponds to the proteomic signatures observed. Changes in abundances of digestion enzymes were also observed in B. areolata as feeding strategies shifted throughout development (Shen et al, ).…”

“…In other invertebrates, D‐veliger larval proteomes had relatively higher abundances of proteins involved in cell division, shape, and cellular differentiation than trochophores, suggestive of development of more complex morphology and velum development (Di et al, ; Huan, Wang, Dong, & Liu, ). Similarly, the abundance of cytoskeleton construction proteins increased from middle veliger through juvenile stages in the gastropod Babylonia areolata (Shen et al, ). These proteomic trends indicate continued cellular growth during this high‐growth early larval period, as well as protein turnover and cellular signaling and trafficking.…”

“…On day 10 at both pH, proteins involved in the cytoskeleton were at increased abundance related to shifts in cellular morphology and growth at this time point. Abundances in cytoskeletal proteins have been observed to change between larval stages in other invertebrates (Di et al, ; Huan et al, ; Shen et al, ). Increased p CO 2 has a documented effect on the level of cytoskeletal gene transcripts and proteins.…”