Proteomics, nanotechnology and molecular diagnostics

Abstract

Sequencing of the human genome opened the way to the exploration of the proteome and this has lead to the identification of large numbers of proteins in complex biological samples. The identification of diagnostic patterns in samples taken from patients to aid diagnosis is in the early stages of development. The solution to many of the technical challenges in proteomics and protein based molecular diagnostics will be found in new applications of nanomaterials. This review describes some of the physical and chemical principles underlying nanomaterials and devices and outlines how they can be used in proteomics; developments which are establishing nanoproteomics as a new field. Nanoproteomics will provide the platform for the discovery of next generation biomarkers. The field of molecular diagnostics will then come of age.

Nanodiagnostics for Tuberculosis

“…This SPR is originated from the collective oscillation of conduction band electrons at the NPs' surface induced by the interacting electromagnetic radiation of light. The SPR band is weakly dependent on size of the NP and refractive index of the surrounding media, but changes considerably with the composition, shape and inter-particle distance (Johnson et al, 2007). In the latter case, the aggregation of AuNPs leads to a pronounced color transition from red to blue due to plasmon coupling between NPs (Jain, 2007).…”

Nanoparticle growth and surface chemistry changes in cell-conditioned culture medium

“…Peptides are used as antigens by coupling to carrier proteins so that epitopes are exposed, but ENPs may also anchor peptides to expose or even concentrate epitopes, initializing different or exaggerated biological responses [17]. For example, in the case of IL-8, adsorption to diesel exhaust particles was observed without loss of epitopes [18].…”

“…Attachment of peptides to the particle surfaces and ENPs is also significant because peptide-ENP constructs generate antibodies against specific peptides [16,17]. Peptides are used as antigens by coupling to carrier proteins so that epitopes are exposed, but ENPs may also anchor peptides to expose or even concentrate epitopes, initializing different or exaggerated biological responses [17].…”

A Phytochemical Approach to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles for Non-Toxic Biomedical Application and Study on their Antibacterial Efficacy

“…Silver nanoparticles are one of the most commonly utilized nanomaterial in medical biology due to their high electrical and thermal conductivity, optical properties as well as anti-microbial properties [7][8][9][10][11][12]. It is an established fact that silver compounds are very effective as antibacterial agents for both aerobic and anaerobic strains of bacteria.…”