Proteomic Profile of Saliva in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Proof of Concept Study

Figura, Monika; Sitkiewicz, Ewa; Świderska, Bianka; Milanowski, Łukasz; Szlufik, Stanisław; Koziorowski, Dariusz; Friedman, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/brainsci11050661

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the up-regulated/down-regulated miRNAs in PD samples are enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, we have found that putative PD biomarkers in urine and saliva have received extensive attention from researchers ( Ho et al, 2014 ; Fraser et al, 2016 ; Cressatti et al, 2020 ; Figura et al, 2021 ). However, there are few reports on the investigation of exosomal ncRNA.…”

Section: The Diagnostic Implications Of Exosomal Non-coding Rna On Pa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Potential of Exosomal Non-coding RNA in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

Zhang

Rasheed

Liang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released by cells and circulate freely in body fluids. Under physiological and pathological conditions, they serve as cargo for various biological substances such as nucleotides (DNA, RNA, ncRNA), lipids, and proteins. Recently, exosomes have been revealed to have an important role in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative illnesses, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). When secreted from damaged neurons, these exosomes are enriched in non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) and display wide distribution characteristics in the brain and periphery, bridging the gap between normal neuronal function and disease pathology. However, the current status of ncRNAs carried in exosomes regulating neuroprotection and PD pathogenesis lacks a systematic summary. Therefore, this review discussed the significance of ncRNAs exosomes in maintaining the normal neuron function and their pathogenic role in PD progression. Additionally, we have emphasized the importance of ncRNAs exosomes as potential non-invasive diagnostic and screening agents for the early detection of PD. Moreover, bioengineered exosomes are proposed to be used as drug carriers for targeted delivery of RNA interference molecules across the blood-brain barrier without immune system interference. Overall, this review highlighted the diverse characteristics of ncRNA exosomes, which may aid researchers in characterizing future exosome-based biomarkers for early PD diagnosis and tailored PD medicines.

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Section: The Diagnostic Implications Of Exosomal Non-coding Rna On Pa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Potential of Exosomal Non-coding RNA in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

Zhang

Rasheed

Liang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Moreover, a discrete difference between PD patients' saliva components and those obtained from healthy controls was observed. The proteomic study by Figura et al showed that the saliva from 39 PD patients had lower concentrations of S100-A16, ARP2/3, and VPS4B than the control group [90]. These proteins are involved in various metabolic and inflammatory pathways.…”

Section: Exos As a Future Approach For Pd Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VPS4B is involved in the endosomal vesicular release of a subset of proteins and the EXOs secretion pathway [97]. The authors suggested that the observed decrease in VPS4B might be due to its increased uptake by EXOs [90].…”

Section: Exos As a Future Approach For Pd Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Parkinson: Revisiting Their Pathologic Role and Potential Applications

et al. 2022

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. Considerable progress has been made to understand the exact mechanism leading to this disease. Most of what is known comes from the evidence of PD brains’ autopsies showing a deposition of Lewy bodies—containing a protein called α-synuclein (α-syn)—as the pathological determinant of PD. α-syn predisposes neurons to neurotoxicity and cell death, while the other associated mechanisms are mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which are underlying precursors to the death of dopaminergic neurons at the substantia nigra pars compacta leading to disease progression. Several mechanisms have been proposed to unravel the pathological cascade of these diseases; most of them share a particular similarity: cell-to-cell communication through exosomes (EXOs). EXOs are intracellular membrane-based vesicles with diverse compositions involved in biological and pathological processes, which their secretion is driven by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing three proteins (NLRP3) inflammasome. Toxic biological fibrils are transferred to recipient cells, and the disposal of damaged organelles through generating mitochondrial-derived vesicles are suggested mechanisms for developing PD. EXOs carry various biomarkers; thus, they are promising to diagnose different neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). As nanovesicles, the applications of EXOs are not only restricted as diagnostics but also expanded to treat NDDs as therapeutic carriers and nano-scavengers. Herein, the aim is to highlight the potential incrimination of EXOs in the pathological cascade and progression of PD and their role as biomarkers and therapeutic carriers for diagnosing and treating this neuro-debilitating disorder.

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“…The S100A16 protein belongs to the S100 protein family, which is found in abundance in the brain and adipose tissue [88]. Figura et al recently discovered that the S100A16 protein concentration in Parkinson's disease patients' saliva was lower than in healthy controls [89]. This is a fascinating find, because this protein has never been explored in the context of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Schizophrenia and S100 Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia and Alarmins

Cheng

Zhang

2022

Medicina

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Schizophrenia, consisting of a group of severe psychiatric disorders with a complex etiology, is a leading cause of disability globally. Due to the lack of objective indicators, accurate diagnosis and selection of effective treatments for schizophrenia remain challenging. The association between schizophrenia and alarmins levels has been proposed for many years, but without solid evidence. Alarmins are prestored molecules that do not require processing and can be released upon cell death or damage, making them an ideal candidate for an early initiator of inflammation. Immunological biomarkers seem to be related to disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Several studies suggest strong associations among the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin-1α, interleukin-33, S100B, heat-shock proteins, and uric acid with schizophrenic disorders. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence of central and peripheral immune findings in schizophrenia, their potential causes, and the effects of immunomodulatory therapies on symptoms and outline potential applications of these markers in managing the illness. Although there are currently no effective markers for diagnosing or predicting treatment effects in patients with schizophrenia, we believe that screening immune-inflammatory biomarkers that are closely related to the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia can be used for early clinical identification, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia, which may lead to more effective treatment options for people with schizophrenia.

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Proteomic Profile of Saliva in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Proof of Concept Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

Emerging Potential of Exosomal Non-coding RNA in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

Emerging Potential of Exosomal Non-coding RNA in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

Exosomes in Parkinson: Revisiting Their Pathologic Role and Potential Applications

Schizophrenia and Alarmins

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