Proteomic informed by transcriptomic for salivary glands components of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii

Abstract

Background The hard tick Hyalomma dromedarii is one of the most injurious ectoparasites affecting camels and apparently best adapted to deserts. As long-term blood feeders, ticks are threatened by host defense system compounds that can cause them to be rejected and, ultimately, to die. However, their saliva contains a cocktail of bioactive molecules that enables them to succeed in taking their blood meal. A recent sialotranscriptomic study uncovered the complexity of the salivary composition of the tick H. dromedarii and provided a database for a proteomic analysis. We carried out a proteomic-informed by transcriptomic (PIT) to identify proteins in salivary glands of both genders of this tick species. Results We reported the array of 1111 proteins identified in the salivary glands of H. dromedarii ticks. Only 24% of the proteins were shared by both genders, and concur with the previously described sialotranscriptome complexity. The comparative analysis of the salivary glands of both genders did not reveal any great differences in the number or class of proteins expressed their enzymatic composition or functional classification. Indeed, few proteins in the entire proteome matched those predicted from the transcriptome while others corresponded to other proteins of other tick species. Conclusion This investigation represents the first proteomic study of H. dromedarii salivary glands. Our results shed light on the differences between the composition of H. dromedarii male and female salivary glands, thus enabling us to better understand the gender-specific strategy to feed successfully. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6042-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Quantitative Visions of Reality at the Tick-Host Interface: Biochemistry, Genomics, Proteomics, and Transcriptomics as Measures of Complete Inventories of the Tick Sialoverse

“…After PFAM filtering, 15,342 contigs were annotated of which 1,749 was classified as secretory. The transcriptome study was followed up with proteomic analysis of SGE from ticks collected in the field (Bensaoud et al, 2019a , b ). Fractionation of SGE was performed using 1D-SDS-PAGE, after which bands were cut-out, tryptic digested and analyzed using LC-MS/MS.…”

A transcriptome and proteome of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus shaped by the genetic composition of its hosts and developmental stage

“…Regarding the combined timepoint profiles of expression of transcripts encoding these proteins in males and females of R. zambeziensis, they were also similar to those seen in R. microplus adults with the exception again of metalloproteases, but also of evasins, 8.9 kDa protein family and mucins, where females presented greater representation of these transcripts than males. We have already pointed out above the possible explanation for the discrepancy between levels of expression of IGBP in the sialotranscriptome generated in the present study and in that of males of the two-or three-host tick H. dromedarii that can infest cattle as well as camelids 40,41 . At present it is not possible to ascribe a role for secreted salivary protein families in determining the number of hosts different species of ticks have in their life cycles.…”

“…The exception is Hyalomma dromedarii 40 , where transcripts for IGBPs were not found in the salivary gland transcriptomes from males and females feeding on camels and a partial sequence was obtained for a single type of IGBP in the corresponding proteome. Camelids of the Saharan regions are the natural hosts of H. dromedarii 41 , mammals which produce mainly single chain antibodies, instead of conventional antibodies. Towards understanding why males of this species do not produce an array of IGBPs it will be interesting to examine if IGBPs from other species of ticks bind to single chain antibodies from camelids.…”

Partial Characterization of Thrombin Inhibitor(s) Derived from Salivary Glands of the Tick, <i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i>, and Related Anti-Cancer Potential

“…This molecular weight suggested that it belongs to protease inhibitor proteins of the type serpin which are one of the most important serine protease inhibitors that ticks rely on to control host hemostasis and immunity [34]. Seven significantly overexpressed serpins were identified in the salivary gland transcriptome of partially fed H. dromedarii females, from which only five proteins were identified in the proteomic analysis [35] [36]. Identification of these serine protease inhibitors from salivary glands of the semi-fed females suggests their crucial role in tick blood feeding success.…”