Proteomic changes and molecular effects associated with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) treatments on germinating kiwifruit pollen

Abstract

The present study is aimed at identifying molecular changes elicited by Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on germinating kiwifruit pollen. To address this question, comparative proteomic and DNA laddering analyses were performed. While no genotoxic effect was detected, a number of proteins whose accumulation levels were altered by treatments were identified. In particular, the upregulation of some proteins involved in the scavenging response, cell redox homeostasis and lipid synthesis could be interpreted as an oxidative stress response induced by Cr treatment. The strong reduction of two proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a decline in ATP levels were also observed. The decrease of pollen energy availability could be one of the causes of the severe inhibition of the pollen germination observed upon exposure to both Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Finally, proteomic and biochemical data indicate proteasome impairment: the consequential accumulation of misfolded/damaged proteins could be an important molecular mechanism of Cr(III) toxicity in pollen.

Proteomic Analysis of Cucumber Defense Responses Induced by Propamocarb

“…Increased malate levels in plants reinforce plant acid resistance and aluminum toxicity tolerance (Tesfaye et al 2001). Malate dehydrogenases were up-regulated under propamocarb treatment which is consistent with its expression pattern in rice and kiwifruit under abiotic stresses (Dooki et al 2006;Vannini et al 2011). Thus, the findings presented herein suggest that the accumulation of four proteins involved in defenses against stress following propamocarb treatment could be interpreted as a resistant response to propamocarb residue.…”

Chromium as an Environmental Pollutant: Insights on Induced Plant Toxicity

“…Moreover, Wang [79] in a survey to assess the genotoxic effects of Cr in water extracted from contaminated soil found that it was able to induce micronuclei in Vicia faba roots. Furthermore, Vannini and coworkers [80] evaluated the molecular changes induced by Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on germination kiwifruit pollen and concluded that neither Cr species induced a genotoxic effects. Both Cr species induced a strong reduction of proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a decline in ATP levels [80].…”

“…Furthermore, Vannini and coworkers [80] evaluated the molecular changes induced by Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on germination kiwifruit pollen and concluded that neither Cr species induced a genotoxic effects. Both Cr species induced a strong reduction of proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a decline in ATP levels [80].…”

Cytological and Proteomic Analyses of Osmunda cinnamomea Germinating Spores Reveal Characteristics of Fern Spore Germination and Rhizoid Tip Growth*

“…However, the fern spore germination happens in the medium, therefore, it is somewhat more complex and affected by various environmental factors, such as light, gravity, calcium, phytohormone, and temperature (6). The protein functional skew in fern spores and pollen grains revealed from this study and recent proteomics studies on germinating pollen from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (71,72), Nicotiana tabacum (73), rice (Oryza sativa) (26), Brassica napus (74), Pinus strobus (75), Picea meyeri (76,77), Picea wilsonii (78) and Arabidopsis (79,80) presented new evidence for the differentiation of fern spores and spermatophyte pollen (Fig. 10).…”

“…No photosynthetic proteins were found in pollen. This highlights that the remodeling of pollen tube cell wall, the loosening and hydrolyzing stigma surface cell and transmitting track of pistil, The data of germinating pollen were summarized and reclassified based on pollen proteomic studies on Oryza sativa (26), Actinidia deliciosa (71,72), Nicotiana tabacum (73), Brassica napus (74), Pinus strobus (75), Picea meyeri (76,77), Picea wilsonii (78), and Arabidopsis thaliana (79,80). The y axis represents the reclassified functional categories, and the x axis shows the percentage of identified proteins.…”