Chromium as an Environmental Pollutant: Insights on Induced Plant Toxicity

Heavy metals contamination of fruits and vegetables as a consequence of wastewater irrigation is most important concern today. Present study measures heavy metals concentration (Cr, Cu and Pb) in soil and vegetable samples collected from agriculture area around four major drains of Lahore (Hudiara drain, BabuSabu drain, Chota Ravi drain and Kharak drain). Results show that concentration of Cu, Cr and Pb in soil samples were in compliance with WHO and EU standards, with an average of 2.221 + 1.184, 5.314 + 1.0511 and 3.864 + 1.6095 mg/kg respectively. Cu contentin vegetablesranged from 0.4-18.9 mg/Kg (average of 4.11 + 6.639 mg/kg), was within limits while Cr in Lady Finger, from Chota Ravi drain area, was 13.2 mg/Kg which is higher than permissible limit (2.4 mg/Kg). While Pb concentration in vegetables samples varied between 0.7 -8.1 mg/Kg (Mean 2.329 + 2.592 mg/kg), which was also higher than the standard (0.3 mg/Kg).Keywords: Heavy metals; Drains; Contamination; Soil; Vegetables Available online at www.banglajol.info Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 331-336, 2017331-336, Jimoh et al., 2012Nazemi, 2012;Perveen et al., 2012;Tasrina et al., 2015; Delbari and Kulkarni, 2013;Najam et al., 2015). Vegetables are an important constituent of diet. Comparison of vegetables, fruits and other grain crops shows that heavy metals are largely accumulated in the edible parts of vegetables (Mapanda et al., 2005). Vegetables absorb and store high quantity of these harmful metals and become source of health problems when ingested by humans and animals (Alam et al., 2003;Sobukola et al., 2010). Elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, Co and Pb in food stuff are basis of diseases such as bone cancer, high prevalence of upper intestinal cancer, reproductive effects, hypertension and renal failure (Turkdogan et al., 2003). Long term exposure with these toxic elements, even at insignificant levels, causes noxious effects for humans and other living beings. Being nonbiodegradable in nature, persistent in environment and potential bioaccumulation, these metals lead to severe hazards once these enter the bodies of living organisms (Shahid et al., 2015a). Many reports suggest that the continued ingestion of food contaminated with heavy metals can damage liver, nervous, cardiovascular, kidney and/or causing cancers (Jarup, 2003). Extensive evidence of health hazards due to intake of vegetables grown in sewage irrigated water has been reported (Avci, 2012;Ghosh et al., 2012;Wang et al., 2012;Weldegebriel et al., 2012;Xue et al., 2012). Iqbal et al. (2016) carried out a study in Pakistan to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in irrigation water, soil and vegetables, their transfer factors and human health risk. Similar study was conducted by Khan et al. (2013) to evaluate heavy metals in and around Lahore district and analysis revealed that metal concentration were higher when compared with WHO applicable limits. Similarly, Hamid et al. (2016) studied heavy metal contamination of vegetables and soil of Ruhidrain area and t...

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“…Chromium absorbs rapidly in soil but retain there for short interval because it goes to the other medium such as plants. Oliveira (2012) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals in soil and vegetables grown with municipal wastewater in Lahore

Hamid

Mushtaq

Nazir

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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“…The origin of Cr(VI) is mostly anthropogenic, for example, from chrome plating and the production and corrosion of steel alloys. Cr(VI) is very soluble and thus bioavailable (Oliveira 2012) in soils unless reduced to Cr(III) by organic matter or humus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoextraction of Cr(VI) from soil using Portulaca oleracea

Alyazouri

Jewsbury

Tayim

et al. 2013

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Cr(VI) represents an environmental challenge in both soils and waters as it is soluble and bioavailable over a wide range of pH. In previous investigations, Portulaca oleracea (a plant local to the UAE) demonstrated particular ability for the phytoextraction of Cr(VI) from calcareous soils of the UAE. In this publication, the results of the evaluation of P. oleracea phytoextraction of Cr(VI) from UAE soil at higher concentrations are reported. P. oleracea was exposed to nine different concentrations of Cr(VI) in soil from 0 to 400 mg kg -1 . The uptake of Cr(VI) increased as its concentration in soil increased between 50 and 400 mg kg -1 , with the most efficient removal in the range from 150 to 200 mg kg -1 . The total chromium concentrations exceeded 4600 mg kg -1 in roots and 1400 mg kg -1 in stems, confirming the role of P. oleracea as an effective Cr(VI) accumulator. More than 95% of the accumulated Cr(VI) was reduced to the less toxic Cr(III) within the plant.

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“…3,4,7 In addition, chromates have also been documented to induce genotoxicity on aquatic and botanic life through soil and water contamination, owing to poor waste management and disposal maintenance. [8][9][10][11] In response the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) was developed in 2006. REACH is a European (E.U.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromate replacement: what does the future hold?

Gharbi

Thomas

Smith³

et al. 2018

npj Mater Degrad

177

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The ubiquitous use of chromium and its derivatives as corrosion preventative compounds accelerated rapidly after the second industrial revolution, with such compounds now integral to modern society. However, the detrimental impact of chromium compounds on the environment and human health has prompted the need to revisit the majority of current industrial corrosion protection measures. This review retraces the origins of chromium replacement motivations, introducing the various legislative actions aimed at diminishing the use of chromium compounds, and critically reviews alternative corrosion preventative technologies developed in the recent decades to now. The review, herein, is intended for a broad audience in order to provide a concise update to an increasingly timely issue.

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Chromium as an Environmental Pollutant: Insights on Induced Plant Toxicity

Cited by 418 publications

References 67 publications

Heavy metals in soil and vegetables grown with municipal wastewater in Lahore

Heavy metals in soil and vegetables grown with municipal wastewater in Lahore

Phytoextraction of Cr(VI) from soil using Portulaca oleracea

Chromate replacement: what does the future hold?

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