Proteomic Biomarkers Panel: New Insights in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease, despite being a “silent epidemic” disease, represents one of the main causes of mortality in general population, along with cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of poor prognosis for these patients. The specific objective of our study was to characterize the relationship between the inflammatory status, the bone disorders markers, and kidney failure in chronic kidney disease patient stages 2–4, in order to design a novel biomarker panel that improves early disease diagnosis and therapeutic response, thus being further integrated into clinical applications. A panel of proteomic biomarkers, assessed by xMAP array, which includes mediators of inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α) and mineral and bone disorder biomarkers (OPG, OPN, OCN, FGF-23, and Fetuin-A), was found to be more relevant than a single biomarker to detect early CKD stages. The association between inflammatory cytokines and bone disorders markers, IL-6, TNF-α, OPN, OPG, and FGF-23, reflects the severity of vascular changes in CKD and predicts disease progression. Proteomic xMAP analyses shed light on a new approach to clinical evaluation for CKD staging and prognosis.

Inflammation-Related Mechanisms in Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction, Progression, and Outcome

“…In this scenario, a huge step forward was made by the increasing progression of omics approaches, designed for identification of biomarkers useful for early diagnostic and follow-up, thus exploring their potential for clinical implementation [ 143 , 144 ]. In the era of omics, proteomics has risen, providing novel insights into disease mechanisms and therefore holds the promise of improving the life quality of CKD patients.…”

“…Assessing various biomarkers on multiplex proteomic platforms (Luminex xMAP array, microarrays, etc.) could unravel novel insights in deciphering the disease-specific molecular mechanisms, offering panels of biomarkers for improving the diagnosis and therapy towards a personalized approach [ 143 , 145 – 147 ]. In the context of CKD and renal diseases, various proteomic studies have been designed, and the results were promising.…”

Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and the Proteomics/Metabolomics-Based Research

“…OPG, OPN, and FGF23 could also reflect vascular severity, the leading complication of CKD. Therefore, these studies provide a novel tool for clinical evaluation for CKD staging and therapeutic response (Mihai et al, 2016).…”

Inflammation and Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Approaches and Recent Advances

“…Recent studies conclude that a cross talk between inflammation, bone, vasculature, and renal function exists in CKD. In early stage 2 of CKD, an increased expression of a panel of proteomic biomarkers was observed, including IL6, TNFα, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and FGF23, which, at a first glance, highlights the hope of improving the management of patients with CKD starting with early stages, which is an area to focus research in the near future [29]. Another study evaluating the association between kidney function, albuminuria, and biomarkers of inflammation in a large cohort of CKD patients showed that plasma levels of IL1β, IL1RA, IL6, TNFα, hsCRP, and fibrinogen were higher among participants with lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR).…”