Proteomic analysis of the protective effects of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

Transcriptomic Validation of the Protective Effects of Aqueous Bark Extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

“…Notably, when we subjected the genes modulated by all the groups in principal component analysis, we observed ISO_TA and TA alone groups clustered closely with control group while the ISO group was distinctively separated from this cluster ( Figure 1C). This analyses showing higher similarity between control, ISO_ TA, and TA alone groups thus reiterates our early report that TA suppresses the responses induced by ISO treatment (Kumar et al, 2017). Finally, the intersection of differentially expressed genes between ISO, ISO_TA, and TA group is shown in Figure 1D.…”

“…After 28 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the effects of TA treatment were confirmed at the gross morphological level by weighing the hearts. In reiteration of our previous reports (Kumar et al, 2017), while ISO treatment resulted in an increase in heart to body weight ratio, TA extracts reversed it significantly. As expected, TA alone had no effect on heart to body weight ratio (Supplemental Figure S2).…”

“…Therefore our observation that TA restores a vast majority of genes upregulated and downregulated by ISO in heart is of immense importance. However, TA extract is a mixture of about 26 constituents of which several have been shown to be bioactive (Saha et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2017). Also, the effects of TA is pleiotropic, as it has anti-atherogenic, hypotensive, inotropic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and antioxidant actions (Maulik and Talwar, 2012).…”

“…The major peaks obtained were at Rt 8.01, 7.80, and at 7.53 with m/z 510.26, 893.46, and 488.25 respectively (Supplemental Figure S1C). The major peak at Rt 7.80 was identified as Arjunolic acid with m/z 488.25 (Supplemental Figure S1D) which is main marker compound of Arjuna (Kumar et al, 2017).…”

“…In a recent study, arjunolic acid, one of the constituents of the aqueous TA extract, was shown to ameliorate cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling (Bansal et al, 2017). Earlier, we had used limited proteomic approach (2D gel based) to establish that TA bark extract substantially modulates the rat cardiac proteome under adrenergic (ISO) stress (Kumar et al, 2017). To further establish the efficacy of TA extract we now have used more robust approach that is global transcriptomic analyses to establish the efficacy of TA extract in modulating various biological pathways and gene networks targeted by ISO.…”