Proteomic Analysis of Insecticide Triazophos-Induced Mating-Responsive Proteins of Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Abstract

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a classic example of a resurgent pest induced by insecticides. It has been demonstrated that triazophos treatment causes an increase in the content of male accessory gland proteins (Acps) that can be transferred to females via mating, influencing female reproduction. However, the mechanism of this type of insecticide-induced Acps in males and the subsequent stimulation of reproduction in females are not well understood. To identify changes in the types of Acps and reproductive proteins in mated females, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis. Six samples were categorized into four different groups: (1) untreated unmated males compared to treated unmated males (UUM vs TUM); (2) treated unmated males compared to treated mated males (TUM vs TMM); (3) untreated unmated females compared to treated unmated females (UUF vs TUF); (4) treated unmated females compared to treated mated females (TUF vs TMF). Protein expression changes among the four different groups were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Of the 500-600 reproducibly detected protein spots on each gel, 107 protein spots were differentially expressed between the four different groups. Of the 63 proteins identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, 38 were up-regulated and 25 were down-regulated in the four different groups. Some novel proteins related to fecundity were observed including spermatogenesis-associated protein 5, testis development protein NYD-SP6, arginine kinase, actin-5C, vitellogenin, and ovarian serine protease nudel. The elevated expression of novel fecundity proteins in six samples of N. lugens females and males due to exposure to triazophos was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results suggest that these proteins may participate in the reproductive process of N. lugens adult females and males. Our findings fill a gap in understanding the relationship between insecticide-treated males and the stimulated reproduction of N. lugens females.

Inductions of reproduction and population growth in the generalist predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae) exposed to sub‐lethal concentrations of insecticides

“…The performance of many organisms may be improved when exposed to low doses of insecticides that would be harmful or toxic at high doses. The phenomenon is known as hormesis and has been observed in many insect pests, such as N. Lugens , Aphis glycines , Myzus persicae , and Tryporyza incertulas . The hormetic effects of insecticides on the predatory stinkbug Podisus distinctus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and parasitoid wasps Leptopilina heterotoma and L. boulardi (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) have also been reported.…”

“…Spermatogenesis is the process of cell division and differentiation that leads to production of spermatozoa in the testis . Ge et al . demonstrated that exposure of N. lugens to triazophos resulted in increased expression of the gene encoding male spermatogenesis‐associated protein 5‐like ( NlSPATA5 ) and caused an increase in the Acps that were transferred to females via mating, thus influenced female reproduction .…”

“…The stimulatory effects of sub‐lethal concentrations of triazophos, deltamethrin and imidacloprid have been documented for several rice pests. Previous studies have demonstrated that sub‐lethal concentrations of triazophos (10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm) and deltamethrin (1, 3, 6 and 12 ppm) stimulated the fecundity of N. lugens . A sub‐lethal dose (22.5 g a.i.…”

Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Solute Carrier 6 Gene Family in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

“…Wandering behavior is important for pupation [47] and mating behavior is essential to reproduction and survival in insects [48,49], so it is crucial to analyze the molecular basis of these behaviors. There is a vast difference in motor behaviors between the feeding and wandering stages [40].…”

Proteomic and Properties Analysis of Botanical Insecticide Rhodojaponin III-Induced Response of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xyllostella (L.)

“…Proteomics has presented as a powerful method to gain insight into physiological changes at the protein level [22], [23]. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has been frequently used in insect proteomics research [24], [25]. The identification of differential proteins is a prerequisite for following and understanding the biochemical mechanism by which rhodojaponin III exerts its effects.…”