Proteomic Analysis of Extremely Low-Frequency ElectroMagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) With Different Intensities in Rats Hippocampus

Abstract

Background: Our previous study determined the alteration in behavioral test-related memory and movement in male rats exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). The molecular mechanism of the effect of ELF-EMF on brain damage of rat has not yet fully understood, thus the current study investigated the effect of ELF-EMFs on hippocampus of male rats by the proteomics approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.5 and 1 mT 50 Hz for 2 and 4 weeks on male rats and determined protein expression of the hippocampus. Methods: Effects of 0.5 and 1 mT exposures for 2 and 4 weeks on protein expression was determined via proteomics techniques. Statistical analysis of proteome was performed using the Progensis Same Spots software. Bioinformatics analysis based on network was used for determining the mechanism. Results: Two-DE electrophoresis gels determined the effect of ELF-EMF on rat hippocampus, indicating that protein expression was overall down-regulated by increasing ELF-EMF intensity and time. The detected differentially expressed proteins between the groups comprised of Sptan1, Dpysl2, Tpi1, Lap3, Vdac1, and Tppp. Almost all were cytoskeletal proteins, most of which were increased by intensity and time. These proteins attributed to impairment in short memory of hippocampus after exposure to ELF-EMF. The GO analysis based on network, enriched two important biological process, cytoskeletal neurons and metabolic process. Conclusions: This study determined the effect of ELF-EMF, which led to change in protein expression related to the cytoskeleton that contributes to major processes in brain damage.

The Effect of Time-Dependence of 10 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats

“…Further, adjustment timing at the molecular scale was associated with the down-regulation of vital hippocampus protein expression, the majority of which is involved in cytoskeletal mechanisms in brain injury. 43 Both hippocampal atrophy and low BNDF levels were associated with memory loss. 44 Cirulli et al discovered that intrahippocampal infusions of BDNF improved spatial memory performance and had long-term impacts on emotional behavior.…”

Comparative Bioinformatics Characteristic of Bladder Cancer Stage 2 from Stage 4 Expression Profile: A Network-Based Study

“…Recent molecular studies have a major impact on disease clarification and are thus helpful for treatment approaches. Prioritizing gene sets related to a specific type of disease in terms of centrality features provides additional information for that disease state [22]. In this study, by studying significantly changed genes regarding their network properties, we prioritized them based on centrality role in the network strength.…”

Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field as a Stress Factor—Really Detrimental?—Insight into Literature from the Last Decade

“…The mentioned alternations are mainly related to ELF-MF-induced oxidative stress. The consequence of these processes can be cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy [ 42 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

“…As shown in in vivo research, ELF-MF can affect levels and function of proteins—crucial for maintenance of cell homeostasis, e.g., proteins anchored in lipid bilayer of the cell membrane functioning as ion channels, enzymes, and receptors, as well as the other proteins of key importance for the response to stress, regulation of apoptosis, and a number of metabolic processes [ 37 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 50 ]. Total protein level as well as its activity (e.g., alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, bilirubin) was augmented in rats exposed to 1.5 mT ELF-MF [ 45 ].…”

“…The second, Dpysl2, plays a key role in neuronal development and polarity, and additionally in neuron projection morphogenesis. Notably, the increased intensity of ELF-MF may be associated with more alteration in cell protein expression, and subsequent cell morphology and proliferation rate changes [ 47 ]. The chromogranin A (CgA) is another protein that should be mentioned as important in stress response and as a new target for electromagnetic radiation.…”