Proteomic analysis of epidermal mucus from sea lice–infected Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Abstract

Health diets that contain immunostimulants and other functional ingredients can strengthen the immune response in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and thereby reduce sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infection levels. Such diets can be used to supplement other treatments and will potentially reduce the need for delousing and medication. A sea lice infection trial was conducted on fish with an average weight of 215 g. One control diet and four experimental diets containing functional ingredients were produced. The diets were fed to salmon for 4 weeks before infection with sea lice copepodids. When lice had developed to chalimus III/IV, 88 fish per diet were examined for lice loads. Mucus samples from fish fed the different diets were taken before and after lice infection. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to characterize the protein composition in the epidermal mucus of Atlantic salmon and to identify quantitative alterations in protein expression. Multivariate analysis of the generated data sets was performed to identify protein biomarkers. Putative biomarkers associated with functional feed intake and with sea lice infection have been identified and can form the basis for strategic validation experiments with selected functional feeds.

Aditivos Mucogénicos para el Control de Caligus rogercresseyi en Salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar)

“…Últimamente se ha observado una tendencia hacia el uso de alimentos funcionales que contengan inmunoestimulantes, ya que se ha demostrado promueven un sistema inmune más robusto y, por ende, tienen el potencial de reducir las infestaciones por pará-sitos (Provan et al, 2013). No obstante, en un estudio con salmón del Atlántico, el grupo alimentado con β-glucano presentó 24% más de infestación que el grupo control, posible-mente debido a una dosis posiblemente inapropiada (Covello et al, 2012).…”

“…Esto resultaría en una reducción en el uso de químicos, con su asociado riesgo de generación de resistencia y su difícil y costosa aplicación en jaulas en mar (Provan et al, 2013).…”

“…Este piojo parasita la piel, alimentándose de mucus y escamas, produciendo lesiones por erosión que favorecen la entrada de otros agentes patógenos como virus y bacterias (Lyon, 2015). Afortunadamente, el mucus cumple un rol importante en la relación hués-ped-parásito, por lo que estudios centralizados en descubrir los cambios que este sufre en respuesta a alimentos funcionales resultan altamente relevantes (Provan et al, 2013;Koshio, 2015). El fortalecimiento de la piel a través de la modulación de la dieta podría desempeñar un papel en la prevención de daños, apego del parásito y promover una recuperación más rápida de la piel dañada (Jensen, 2015).…”

Study of the bile proteome of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ): Multi-biological markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…This parameter was used to calculate the correct concentration of trypsin for protein digestion. Samples containing 10 mg of protein in 100 mL of ammonium bicarbonate buffer were then digested according to the procedure reported by Provan et al (2013). Trypsination was performed by adding 0.2 mg of trypsin (Trypsin Gold, mass spectrometry grade, Promega) to each sample and incubating overnight at 37 C.…”

Proteomics and Metabolomics of Marine Organisms: Current Strategies and Knowledge

“…Label-free strategies have been detailed (Neilson et al, 2011) and applied to studies of the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (Papakostas et al, 2012), the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Provan et al, 2013), strains of the marine bacterium Roseobacter (Christie-Oleza et al, 2012), Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) (Muralidharan et al, 2012), and the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Lee et al, 2012).…”