Proteomic analysis of cold stress-responsive proteins in Thellungiella rosette leaves

Abstract

Low temperature is one of the most severe environmental factors that impair plant growth and agricultural production. To investigate how Thellungiella halophila, an Arabidopsis-like extremophile, adapts to cold stress, a comparative proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis was adopted to identify proteins that changed in abundance in Thellungiella rosette leaves during short term (6 h, 2 and 5 days) and long term (24 days) exposure to cold stress. Sixty-six protein spots exhibited significant change at least at one time point and maximal cold stress induced-proteome change was found in long-term cold stress group while the minimal change was found in 6-h cold treatment group. Fifty protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The identified proteins mainly participate in photosynthesis, RNA metabolism, defense response, energy pathway, protein synthesis, folding and degradation, cell wall and cytoskeleton and signal transduction. These proteins might work cooperatively to establish a new homeostasis under cold stress. Nearly half of the identified cold-responsive proteins were associated with various aspects of chloroplast physiology suggesting that the cold stress tolerance of T. halophila is achieved, at least partly, by regulation of chloroplast function. All protein spots involved in RNA metabolism, defense response, protein synthesis, folding and degradation were found to be upregulated markedly by cold treatment, indicating enhanced RNA metabolism, defense and protein metabolism may play crucial roles in cold tolerance mechanism in T. halophila.

Proteomic Study of Low-Temperature Responses in Strawberry Cultivars (Fragaria×ananassa) That Differ in Cold Tolerance

“…It should also be considered that transcript and protein levels accumulation are not always concomitant. In one study dehydrin protein was shown to increase 10-fold when there was no apparent increase of mRNA (Gao et al, 2009). We observed a strong increase in levels of a dehydrin protein that we can only speculate is the XERO2-like dehydrin (Supplemental Fig.…”

In silico identification and analysis of the protein disulphide isomerases in wheat and rice

“…For example, the Arabidopsis PDILs are found to be upregulated under ER stress (Lu & Christopher 2008a), functional in seed development (Ondzighi et al 2008), embryo sac maturation and pollen tube guidance (Yang et al 2009), unfolded 50 H. Wu et al protein response (UPR) and construction or function of the photosynthetic apparatus (Lu & Christopher 2008b), and regulation of starch metabolic enzymes (Lu & Christopher 2006, 2008c. The carrot PDIL1 (Xu et al 2002) may function in Ca +2 storage or interaction with other proteins, a wheat PDI possibly functions in defense from fungal pathogens (Ray et al 2003), the PDI in Oldenlandia affinis functions in biosynthesis of cyclotides (of pharmaceutical importance) (Gruber et al 2009), soybean PDIs have a role in ER and/or osmotic stress (Irsigler et al 2007) and a PDI of Thellungiella halophila has a role in cold stress (Gao et al 2009). Interestingly, rice and wheat comprise the most important cereal crops in the world, and the crop yield and grain quality are highly reliant on quality control of seed storage protein deposition.…”

Comparative Proteomics of Thellungiella halophila Leaves from Plants Subjected to Salinity Reveals the Importance of Chloroplastic Starch and Soluble Sugars in Halophyte Salt Tolerance

“…For example, in order to identify long-term salinity-responsive proteins in Thellungiella rosette leaves, Gao and colleagues detected ϳ900 protein spots by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) 1 and used mass spectrometry (MS) to identify 13 salt-responsive proteins (16). The same researchers used proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of salttreated Thellungiella roots to detect cold-responsive proteins that are associated with chloroplast physiology (17,18). Similarly, a comprehensive proteomic analysis that compared leaves of Thellungiella and Arabidopsis after NaCl treatment indicated that exposure to NaCl changed the expression levels of more proteins in Arabidopsis than in Thellungiella.…”