Proteo-Molecular Investigation of Cultivated Rice, Wild Rice, and Barley Provides Clues of Defense Responses against Rhizoctonia solani Infection

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne fungus causing sheath blight disease in cereal crops including rice. Genetic resistance to sheath blight disease in cereal crops is not well understood in most of the host(s). Aside from this, a comparative study on the different hosts at the biochemical and proteomic level upon R. solani infection was not reported earlier. Here, we performed proteomic based analysis and studied defense pathways among cultivated rice (cv. Pusa Basmati-1), wild rice accession (Oryza grandiglumis), and barley (cv. NDB-1445) after inoculation with R. solani. Increased levels of phenol, peroxidase, and β-1, 3-glucanase were observed in infected tissue as compared to the control in all of the hosts. Wild rice accession O. grandiglumis showed a higher level of biochemical signals than barley cv. NDB 1445 and cultivated rice cv. Pusa Basmati-1. Using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS), differently expressed proteins were also studied in control and after inoculation with R. solani. Wild rice accession O. grandiglumis induced a cysteine protease inhibitor and zinc finger proteins, which have defense functions and resistance against fungal pathogens. On the other hand, barley cv. NDB-1445 and cultivated rice cv. Pusa Basmati-1 mainly induce energy metabolism-related proteins/signals after inoculation with R. solani in comparison to wild rice accession O. grandiglumis. The present comprehensive study of R. solani interaction using three hosts, namely, Pusa Basmati-1 (cultivated rice), O. grandiglumis (wild rice), and NDB-1445 (barley) would interpret wider possibilities in the dissection of the protein(s) induced during the infection process. These proteins may further be correlated to the gene(s) and other related molecular tools that will help for the marker-assisted breeding and/or gene editing for this distressing disease among the major cereal crops.

Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis on the defense response to Magnaporthe oryzae reveals different expression patterns at the molecular level of durably resistant rice cultivar Mowanggu

“…The results and several physiological indices demonstrated that the antioxidative enzyme-related gene or protein is up-regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels. This finding corresponds with the results of omics studies on resistant cultivated rice, wild rice, and barley after Rhizoctonia solani infection ( Shamim et al., 2022 ). Furthermore, M. oryzae infection increases ROS production in MWG, stimulating antioxidant enzymes to counteract oxidative damage and detoxify ROS.…”

QTL mapping and candidate gene mining for sheath blight resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using QTLseqr approach

“…Fourteen defense genes i.e. chitinase, gibberellin signal transduction and NBS-LRR encoding genes were present in the QTL regions qShB5.1, qShB5.2 that were reported to be responsible for ShB resistance in transgenic rice plant (Baisakh et (Shamim et al 2022). In conclusion, the study has identi ed the important QTLs and underlying candidate genes that might play important role in further understanding genetics of sheath blight resistance in rice and development of sheath blight resistant cultivars.…”

Shift in SAR to ISR during the Rice- R. Solani interaction mediated by Streptomyces hyderabadensis confers sheath blight resistance in susceptible genotype

“…was inoculated against sheath blight disease that increase in the chlorophyll content of leaves was observed (Tamreihao et al 2016). The studies in sheath blight disease based on iTRAQ based proteomics to identify the major mechanisms of resistant varieties against sheath blight showed that increased expression of chlorophyl a-b binding protein 2 during the R. solani infection in resistant varieties (Feng et al 2022, Shamim et al 2022). The resistant varieties thus tends to increase chlorophyll content under sheath blight pathogen infection, which correlated well with our results that S. hyderabadensis inoculation increased the expression of chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2.…”