Protein Synthesis-Dependent Reactivation of a Contextual Conditioned Reflex in the Common Snail

Abstract

We report here a study of the effects of blockade of protein synthesis with anisomycin during reactivation of a contextual conditioned reflex in the common snail. The amplitudes of the defensive reactions of snails to standard tactile stimulation before training were identical in two conditions: 1) testing of responses of snails fixed by the shell to a plastic ball floating in water and 2) on the surface of the terrarium glass. After applying electric shocks to the snails' skin for 5 days, a significant difference in responses reflecting the formation of a contextual conditioned reflex was seen in only one of the contexts. Placing trained snails in the same context (reminding) two days after training with simultaneous injection of anisomycin led to significant weakening of training, while control injections of physiological saline produced no such changes. These data suggest that the mechanisms of memory consolidation after training and reminding are not identical.

Investigation of Changes in NO Content during Long-Term Sensitization in Edible Snail Using EPR-Spectroscopy: Effects of Antibodies to Calcium-Binding Protein S-100

“…Moreover, the amplitude of ommatophore withdrawal was measured in response to both tactile stimulation with Frey hair of the middle and front parts of the foot and ommatophore contraction was visually assessed (in percents). To this end, the maximum ommatophore length was taken as 100% and the degree of withdrawal was documented (as 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100%) [14]. Furthermore, video recording with subsequent computer analysis was performed.…”

Protective effect of low-doses of antibodies to S-100 protein on the formation of long-term sensitization in Helix lucorum

“…To this end, the tentacle withdrawal amplitude in response to tactile stimulation (withdrawal of the middle and fore parts of the foot touched with a Frey hair) was measured and tentacle contraction was evaluated visually in percents. The maximum length of tentacles was taken as 100% and the tentacle withdrawal by 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 was recorded [12]. The velocity of 1-min track of snails moving on the vertical wall of a rectangular glass terrarium was measured.…”

Nitric Oxide Is Required for Labilization (destabilization) of Contextual Memory in Rats

“…Post hoc analysis used the Bonferroni test. Results were processed using standard Statistica 10.0 defensive memory [Gainutdinova et al, 2006;Balaban et al, 2014]. Similar data on the role of nitric oxide in memory reconsolidation in rodents were obtained by Bal et al [2017a].…”