Protein Supplementation of Grazing Livestock: A Review

McCollum, F. T.; Horn, G. W.

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)32251-8

Cited by 82 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Considerando que o grande entrave na utilização de suplementos protéicos na chegada do período chuvoso consiste na determinação dos níveis de inclusão na dieta (McCollum III & Horn, 1989), avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação com diferentes níveis de PB sobre o desempenho produtivo, a eficiência econômica e os parâmetros ruminais de novilhos mestiços em pastagens de capimmombaça no período de transição seca/águas. A área experimental destinada aos animais foi constituída de quatro piquetes (1,0 ha) de Panicum maximum cv.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Moraes¹,

Paulino²,

Zervoudakis

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de PB em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastagem de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça durante o período de transição seca/águas. Os suplementos, à base de milho e grão de soja triturados, foram formulados para apresentar 8,0; 16,0 e 24,0% de PB e foram fornecidos na quantidade de 1,0 kg/dia. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo e a eficiência econômica de 20 novilhos mestiços Holandês x Zebu, não-castrados, com 19 meses de idade e 339,4±14,8 kg de PV inicial. O ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso total aumentaram de forma linear de acordo com os níveis de proteína nos suplementos. Os ganhos observados foram de 0,992; 1,142 e 1,261 kg/dia, respectivamente, para os suplementos com 8,0; 16,0 e 24,0% de PB. A avaliação econômica dos suplementos comprovou maior eficiência econômica do suplemento com 24% de PB. No segundo experimento, quatro novilhos mestiços (peso médio de 400 kg) fistulados no rúmen e no esôfago foram utilizados para avaliar a influência dos níveis de proteína sobre o pH e a concentração de amônia ruminal. O pH não foi alterado, mas a concentração ruminal de N-NH 3 aumentou de forma linear com os níveis de proteína do suplemento. Os níveis amoniacais médios observados com os suplementos contendo 8,0; 16,0 e 24,0% de PB foram de 8,41; 10,69 e 12,92 mg/dL, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: amônia ruminal, análise de sensibilidade, pH, suplementação protéica Feeding supplements with different crude protein levels to dairy crossbreed steers on pasture during the transition period between the dry and rainy season ABSTRACT -Two experiments were conducted to evaluate different crude protein (CP) levels of a mixture of mineral and concentrate (multiple supplement) fed to crossbreed steers grazing Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça pasture during the transition between the dry and the rainy season. The multiple supplement contained ground corn and soybean grains and was formulated to yield 8.0, 16.0 or 24.0% of CP. Each animal received 1.0 kg of the multiple supplement per day or only ad libitum mineral mix (control treatment). In the first trial, 20 crossbred steers averaging 19 months of age and 339.4±14.8 kg of body weight were used. The average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly from 0.992 to 1.258 kg/d when the CP level of the supplement increased from 8.0 to 24%. Total weight gain also increased linearly by increasing the CP level of the supplement. Economical analysis of the supplements showed greater gross income for the supplement containing 24% CP. In the second trial, four crossbreed steers fitted with ruminal and esophageal cannulas and averaging 400 kg of body weight were used to investigate different CP levels of the supplements on ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia ruminal concentration. The different CP levels of the supplement did not significantly change ruminal pH. However, ruminal ammonia increased linearly from 8.41 to 12.2 mg/dL when the CP level of the supplement increased from 8.0 to 24%.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Moraes¹,

Paulino²,

Zervoudakis

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Suplementasi urea digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nitrogen pada ruminansia yang diberi pakan hijauan dengan jumlah yang besar dengan kualitas rendah (Ammerman et al, 1972;McCollum and Horn, 1990;Lawler-Neville et al, 2014). Fermentasi hijauan dalam rumen berlangsung lebih lambat jika dibandingkan dengan fermentasi karbohidrat non-serat (misalnya, pati dan gula), dan akan semakin lambat jika kualitas hijauan rendah (Bergman, 1990;Currier et al, 2004).…”

Section: Interaksi Urea Dan Mikroorganisme Dalam Rumenunclassified

Urea : Manfaat Pada Ruminansia

Yanuartono¹,

Nururrozi²,

Indarjulianto³

et al. 2018

JIIP

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ABSTRAK:Masalah pemberian pakan pada ruminansia telah mendapat banyak perhatian di daerah tropis. Sebagian besar ruminansia mendapatkan pakan jerami berkualitas rendah, limbah tanaman pertanian dan industri. Saat ini urea telah banyak tersedia dan digunakan sebagai sumber amonia untuk memperbaiki nilai nutrisi dari berbagai macam hijauan serta limbah tanaman. Lebih lanjut, penambahan urea sebagai suplemen relatif mudah penanganannya untuk diaplikasikan, murah dan bermanfaat sebagai pengganti protein alami dalam ransum. Meskipun penggunaan urea sebagai suplemen pakan memiliki potensi keuntungan ekonomi sebagai sumber N, namun memiliki kelemahan dan keterbatasan pada penggunaannya. Pemberian urea yang berlebihan, pencampuran dalam pakan yang tidak merata atau kesalahan dalam penghitungan jumlah urea ke dalam ransum akan akan dapat mengakibatkan keracunan pada ternak. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk meringkas manfaat dan kemungkinan efek negatif penggunaan urea sebagai suplemen pakan ruminansia. Kata kunci: ruminansia, jerami, urea, suplemen, keracunanABSTRACT: The problems of ruminant feeding have received considerable attention in the tropics. Most ruminants are fed on low-quality roughages, agricultural crop-residues and industrial byproducts. Urea is widely available and has been used as a source of ammoniation to improve the feeding value of various grasses and crop residues. Furthermore, urea treatment as a supplement is relatively easy to apply, handling, inexpensive and valuable substitute for natural proteins in the ration. Although the use of urea has potential economic advantages for N sources, there are limitations and disadvantages to its use. Excess level of urea may a problem of urea toxicity, due to poor mixing of feed or to errors in calculating the amount of urea to add to the ration. This paper aims to summarize the benefits and possible negative effects of urea use as supplement to ruminants feed.

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“…A better understanding of nutrient supply and demand of beef cows grazing arid and semiarid rangelands would improve predictive models, which could aid in designing least cost supplements that compliment rangeland forage nutrient composition (McCollum and Horn, 1990;Caton and Dhuyvetter, 1996). Lardy et al (2004) developed computer-based beef cow nutrition programs using the 1996 Beef NRC.…”

Section: Perspective On the Transition From Cp To Mp Supply And Demanmentioning

confidence: 99%

BEEF SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: An assessment of the 1996 Beef NRC: Metabolizable protein supply and demand and effectiveness of model performance prediction of beef females within extensive grazing systems1,2,3

Waterman

Caton

Löest

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Interannual variation of forage quantity and quality driven by precipitation events influence beef livestock production systems within the Southern and Northern Plains and Pacific West, which combined represent 60% (approximately 17.5 million) of the total beef cows in the United States. The beef cattle requirements published by the NRC are an important tool and excellent resource for both professionals and producers to use when implementing feeding practices and nutritional programs within the various production systems. The objectives of this paper include evaluation of the 1996 Beef NRC model in terms of effectiveness in predicting extensive range beef cow performance within arid and semiarid environments using available data sets, identifying model inefficiencies that could be refined to improve the precision of predicting protein supply and demand for range beef cows, and last, providing recommendations for future areas of research. An important addition to the current Beef NRC model would be to allow users to provide region-specific forage characteristics and the ability to describe supplement composition, amount, and delivery frequency. Beef NRC models would then need to be modified to account for the N recycling that occurs throughout a supplementation interval and the impact that this would have on microbial efficiency and microbial protein supply. The Beef NRC should also consider the role of ruminal and postruminal supply and demand of specific limiting AA. Additional considerations should include the partitioning effects of nitrogenous compounds under different physiological production stages (e.g., lactation, pregnancy, and periods of BW loss). The intent of information provided is to aid revision of the Beef NRC by providing supporting material for changes and identifying gaps in existing scientific literature where future research is needed to enhance the predictive precision and application of the Beef NRC models.

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Protein Supplementation of Grazing Livestock: A Review

Cited by 82 publications

References 48 publications

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Níveis de proteína em suplementos para novilhos mestiços em pastejo durante o período de transição seca/águas

Urea : Manfaat Pada Ruminansia

BEEF SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: An assessment of the 1996 Beef NRC: Metabolizable protein supply and demand and effectiveness of model performance prediction of beef females within extensive grazing systems1,2,3

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