Protein S and ischemic brain disease

Abstract

Ischemic brain disease (IBD) represents clinical entity participating with almost 80% in all vascular brain diseases. Ethiopatogenesis and pathophysiology of the ischemic brain disease are apparently most complex in human medicine. In addition to the significant progression in understanding of ethiopatogenesis and pathophysiology of the ischemic brain disease, we are currently aware of the fact that in one third of these patients the source--the disorder or the disease of crucial importance for this sequence of events in the opposing direction cannot be diagnosed with certainty. This case report presents a 32-year-old patient with the verified ischemic lesion of brain parenchyma, in whom the lowered concentrations of protein S were registered by comprehensive clinical and biochemical examinations. The lower concentrations of protein S are a significant co-factor of anticoagulant system, in the absence of other significant diseases, disorders or abnormalities which could ethiopatogenetically be significant for IBD.

The autonomic nervous system and ischemic stroke: a reciprocal interdependence

“…These concepts suggest that a quite different approach to carotid pathology might be warranted. In particular, pharmacological modulation of autonomic balance, such as adrenergic blockade (which however may cause a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure) [63], could be beneficial during acute phase of stroke, while interventional strategies such as carotid endarterectomy, angioplasty and stenting must be considered to worsen a pre-existing carotid sinus dysfunction through injury, material interposition, and ballooninduced baroreceptor trauma [23]. Heart rate and BP can fall sharply during carotid angioplasty or stent placement [46] inducing a dangerous acute hypotension which must be monitored and counteracted.…”