Protein Phosphorylation and Taurine BiosynthesisIn VivoandIn Vitro

Abstract

Taurine is known to be involved in many important physiological functions. Here we report that both in vivo and in vitro the taurine-synthesizing enzyme in the brain, namely cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), is activated when phosphorylated and inhibited when dephosphorylated. Furthermore, protein kinase C and protein phosphatase 2C have been identified as the enzymes responsible for phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CSAD, respectively. In addition, the effect of neuronal depolarization on CSAD activity and 32 P incorporation into CSAD in neuronal cultures is also included. A model to link neuronal excitation and CSAD activation by a Ca 2ϩ -dependent protein kinase is proposed.

Role of Synaptic Vesicle Proton Gradient and Protein Phosphorylation on ATP-mediated Activation of Membrane-associated Brain Glutamate Decarboxylase

“…8). Recently we have shown that the taurine synthesizing enzyme, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase behaves similarly to MGAD, namely activation by ATP and protein phosphorylation and inhibition by dephosphorylation (37,38). However, there is a major difference between cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase and MGAD in that the former is regulated by product inhibition, whereas the latter is not affected by its product, GABA, even at a concentration of 25 mM (Table I).…”

Changes in the NMR Metabolic Profile of Live Human Neuron-Like SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Interferon-α2

“…Tau is among the most abundant amino acids in the CNS where serves as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter (Su et al 2014) and a stabilizer of cell membrane by modulating phosphorylation of membrane proteins (Tang et al 1997) and by preventing lipid peroxidation . Inositols (Myo and Scy are the most abundant in the brain) in neurons serve as intermediates in the metabolism of membranes and in the synthesis of second messengers (i.e phosphatidylinositol) (Fisher et al 2002).…”

Effects of Afobazole on the Content of Neurotransmitter Amino Acids in the Striatum in Global Transient Ischemia

“…Afobazole administration to ischemic animals resulted in more substantial increase in taurine level in the striatum. Agonistic interaction between afobazole and σ 1 -receptors, possibly underlies this phenomenon that may indirectly lead to protein kinase C activation with subsequent activation of taurine synthesis [13]. Thus, the increase in taurine level alongside with GABA can be regarded as components of recovery therapy of brain ischemia.…”