Protein Malnutrition and Brain Development

Chertoff, Mariela

doi:10.4172/2168-975x.1000171

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The developing brain is highly susceptible to environmental insults like protein deprivation, infections and other stresses during in utero and early postnatal periods and has severe and permanent consequences. PMN induced adverse effects in the developing brain have largely focused on neurons, and only a few studies have investigated the glial changes ( Clos et al, 1982 ; Feoli et al, 2008 ; Chertoff, 2015 ). The role of astrocytes in various brain disorders is being increasingly established with a limited knowledge of astrogenesis following developmental challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-generational protein malnutrition impairs temporal astrogenesis in rat brain

2017

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The lack of information on astrogenesis following stressor effect, notwithstanding the imperative roles of astroglia in normal physiology and pathophysiology, incited us to assess temporal astrogenesis and astrocyte density in an intra-generational protein malnutrition (PMN) rat model. Standard immunohistochemical procedures for glial lineage markers and their intensity measurements, and qRT-PCR studies, were performed to reveal the spatio-temporal origin and density of astrocytes. Reduced A2B5+ glia restricted precursor population in ventricles and caused poor dissemination to cortex at embryonic days (E)11-14, and low BLBP+ secondary radial glia in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of E16 low protein (LP) brains reflect compromised progenitor pooling. Contrary to large-sized BLBP+ gliospheres in high protein (HP) brains at E16, small gliospheres and discrete BLBP+ cells in LP brains evidence loss of colonization and low proliferative potential. Delayed emergence of GFAP expression, precocious astrocyte maturation and significantly reduced astrocyte number suggest impaired temporal and compromised astrogenesis within LP-F1 brains. Our findings of protein deprivation induced impairments in temporal astrogenesis, compromised density and astrocytic dysfunction, strengthen the hypothesis of astrocytes as possible drivers of neurodevelopmental disorders. This study may increase our understanding of stressor-associated brain development, opening up windows for effective therapeutic interventions against debilitating neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-generational protein malnutrition impairs temporal astrogenesis in rat brain

2017

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“…Therefore, insufficient provision of any single amino acid from the maternal diet can hinder protein synthesis by the fetus and can have deleterious effects on fetal brain development similar to those induced by the omission of proteins as a whole [ 82 ]. Rodent studies studying inadequate protein intake (protein malnutrition) report reduced brain size, dendritic arborization, cell maturation [ 83 ], emotional reactivity and sensitivity to aversive or painful stimuli [ 84 ], reduction in cognitive flexibility [ 83 , 84 ], and learning and memory impairments [ 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Nutrients That Play a Role In Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

Kadosh

Muhardi²,

Parikh³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

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“…Vucetic et al has speculated that this could be relevant to adverse neurodevelopmental effects in humans, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. While this explanation of the association between neurodevelopment, behavior and protein intake in humans is speculative, protein deprivation in pregnancy and up to weaning, at least in mice, reduces brain size, dendritic arborization, cell maturation and brain connectivity of offspring [156]. However, in rats, perinatal protein restriction in the presence of neonatal hypoxia–ischaemia has been reported to have a positive impact on brain tissue loss and aversive memory impairments in inhibitory avoidance tasks [157].…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Protein On Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Early Nutrition on Brain Growth and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Babies: A Narrative Review

et al. 2019

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Extremely preterm babies are at increased risk of less than optimal neurodevelopment compared with their term-born counterparts. Optimising nutrition is a promising avenue to mitigate the adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of preterm birth. In this narrative review, we summarize current knowledge on how nutrition, and in particular, protein intake, affects neurodevelopment in extremely preterm babies. Observational studies consistently report that higher intravenous and enteral protein intakes are associated with improved growth and possibly neurodevelopment, but differences in methodologies and combinations of intravenous and enteral nutrition strategies make it difficult to determine the effects of each intervention. Unfortunately, there are few randomized controlled trials of nutrition in this population conducted to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes. Substantial variation in reporting of trials, both of nutritional intakes and of outcomes, limits conclusions from meta-analyses. Future studies to determine the effects of nutritional intakes in extremely preterm babies need to be adequately powered to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes separately in boys and girls, and designed to address the many potential confounders which may have clouded research findings to date. The development of minimal reporting sets and core outcome sets for nutrition research will aid future meta-analyses.

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Protein Malnutrition and Brain Development

Cited by 29 publications

References 79 publications

Intra-generational protein malnutrition impairs temporal astrogenesis in rat brain

Intra-generational protein malnutrition impairs temporal astrogenesis in rat brain

Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

The Influence of Early Nutrition on Brain Growth and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Babies: A Narrative Review

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