“…First of all, the active biomolecule (protein, antibody or nucleic acid) must be immobilised onto the selected surface at the appropriate surface density while maintaining its activity. The way they are immobilised (physical adsorption Ekblad & Liedberg, 2010;Kidoaki & Matsuda, 2002;Nakanishi et al, 2001) versus covalent binding (Brady & Jordaan, 2009;Frasconi et al, 2010;Gandhiraman et al, 2009;Stutz, 2009)) and the surface substrate properties (wettability, roughness… (Gandhiraman et al, 2010a)) are, amongst others, parameters affecting biomolecule density and activity. Also, once proteins are attached to surfaces, different factors are affecting their biomolecular recogition (specific binding), i.e.…”