Protein and amino acids

Mai, Kangsen; Xue, Moyong; He, Gang; Xie, Shouqi; Kaushik, Sadasivam

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819587-1.00012-4

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 683 publications

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“…Protein metabolism is a dynamic process involving the balance between the synthesis and degradation of protein [ 41 ]. The mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase, which regulates the protein synthesis [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cottonseed Meal as an Alternative to Fish Meal in Diet for Juvenile Asian Red-Tailed Catfish Hemibagrus wyckioides

Sun

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

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A 10-week trial was performed to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed meal (CSM) on the growth rate, protein metabolism, and antioxidant response of Asian red-tailed catfish Hemibagrus wyckioides. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (C0, C8.5, C17.2, C25.7, and C34.4) were prepared to contain 0%, 8.5%, 17.2%, 25.7%, and 34.4% CSM replacing fishmeal, respectively. The weight gain, daily growth coefficient, pepsin, and intestinal amylase activities initially increased and then decreased with the raising dietary CSM levels; the highest values were observed in the C17.2 group ( P < 0.05 ). However, feed cost exhibited the opposite trend. With the increasing dietary CSM levels, the protein efficiency ratio and intestinal trypsin activity decreased but feed conversion rate increased gradually; while no differences were observed among the C0, C8.5, and C17.2 groups ( P > 0.05 ). Dietary CSM inclusion regardless of levels increased the plasma growth hormone level as well as hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities but decreased the plasma glutamate dehydrogenase and AST activities ( P < 0.05 ). With the increasing dietary CSM levels, the plasma alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and hepatic superoxide dismutase activities decreased but malondialdehyde content increased gradually, while no differences were observed among the C0, C8.5, and C17.2 groups ( P > 0.05 ). The plasma immunoglobulin M content and hepatic glutathione reductase activity initially increased but then decreased with the raising dietary CSM levels; the highest values were found in the C17.2 group. These results indicated that dietary CSM inclusion level up to 17.2% improved the growth rate, feed cost, digestive enzyme activity, and protein metabolism without compromising antioxidant capacity of H. wyckioide, whereas these parameters were depressed by further inclusion of CSM. CSM is a potentially cost-effective alternative plant protein source in diet of H. wyckioide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cottonseed Meal as an Alternative to Fish Meal in Diet for Juvenile Asian Red-Tailed Catfish Hemibagrus wyckioides

Sun

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation, is usually used as a sensitive parameter of oxidative stress (Rana et al, 2010). It is well known that insufficient or excessive lysine exacerbates the imbalance of amino acids and thereby activates the oxidation of other amino acids, resulting in oxidative stress in fish (Mai et al, 2022). Thus, balanced essential amino acids may have a vital impact on the regulation of relative expression levels and activities of antioxidant‐related enzymes in fish (Habte‐Tsion et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protein metabolism is a dynamic process involving the balance between the synthesis and degradation of proteins (Mai et al, 2022). It is well known that all amino acids are needed for the synthesis of protein, and a deficiency in one of these amino acids may diminish the protein synthetic response (Gorissen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Antioxidant-related Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary lysine level on the growth performance, protein metabolism, and antioxidant status in Hemibagrus wyckioides juveniles

Sun

Huang

et al. 2023

J World Aquaculture Soc

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An 11‐week feeding trial was conducted to assess the dietary lysine requirement for juvenile Hemibagrus wyckioides. Six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (41.66% crude protein, 20.56 kJ/g gross energy) containing 1.1%, 1.5%, 1.9%, 2.3%, 2.7%, and 3.1% lysine were prepared to feed juveniles (average initial body weights of 1.25 g), respectively. The weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio significantly improved with the dietary lysine level up to 2.3%, 1.9%, 2.3%, and 2.3%, and then plateaued afterwards. The highest midgut trypsin and lipase activities as well as plasma antioxidant enzyme activities and nitric oxide content but the lowest plasma malondialdehyde content were recorded in fish fed diet with 2.3% lysine. Fish fed diets with 1.9% or 2.3% lysine exhibited the highest plasma total protein and insulin contents, the lowest plasma ammonia content, and relative expression levels of glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver and adenosine monophosphate deaminase in the liver and muscle. Similarly, fish‐fed diet with 2.7% lysine showed the lowest hepatic alanine aminotransferase activity but the highest hepatic expression level of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Broken‐line regression analysis based on SGR and FCR showed that the dietary lysine requirement for juvenile H. wyckioides was 2.04% to 2.09%, while dietary lysine of 2.3% was optimum for the antioxidant status of H. wyckioides.

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“…Protein metabolism is a dynamic process involving the balance between the synthesis and degradation of protein [ 28 ]. It is well known that all amino acids are needed for protein synthesis, and a deficiency in one of these amino acids may diminish the protein synthetic response [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Lysine Level on Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism in Juvenile Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)

Dou,

Liu,

Cao

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

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An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lysine level on growth performance and protein metabolism of juvenile leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) and thereby obtained the optimal dietary lysine requirement of P. leopardus. Six isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 1.10%, 1.69%, 2.30%, 3.08%, 3.56%, and 4.36% lysine of diets, respectively. Each diet was assigned at random to triplicate groups of 25 juveniles (initial mean weight is 10.57 g) per tank in a flow-through mariculture system maintained at 27–30°C. Dietary inclusion of 2.30–3.08% lysine improved the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of juveniles ( P < 0.05 ). The intestinal digestive enzyme (trypsin, amylase, and lipase) activities were overall enhanced by dietary inclusion of 3.08–3.56% lysine ( P < 0.05 ). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was activated in fish fed diets with 1.69–2.30% lysine by upregulating the relative expression levels of hepatic TOR and S6K1 (p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1) but downregulating the relative expression level of hepatic 4E-BP2 (eIF4E-binding protein 2). Conversely, the amino acid response signaling pathway was inhibited in fish fed diet with 2.30% lysine by downregulating the relative expression levels of hepatic GCN2 (general control nondepressible 2), ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3), ATF4a (activating transcription factor 4a), and ATF4b (activating transcription factor 4b). Additionally, dietary 1.69–3.08% lysine enhanced the plasma total protein level and hepatic lysine α-ketoglutarate reductase activity but depressed the blood urea nitrogen level and hepatic adenosine monophosphate deaminase activity ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, dietary 3.08% lysine increased the contents of whole-body crude protein and total amino acids, while 1.69%–4.36% lysine depressed the whole-body lipid content ( P < 0.05 ). These results indicated that optimal dietary lysine increased the digestive enzyme activities, promoted protein synthesis but depressed protein degradation, and thereby improved the growth performance of P. leopardus. Based on the second-order polynomial model, the optimal lysine requirement of juvenile P. leopardus for WGR, FCR, and lysine deposition was 2.60%–2.97% of diets (4.91%–5.60% of dietary protein).

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Protein and amino acids

Cited by 16 publications

References 683 publications

Evaluation of Cottonseed Meal as an Alternative to Fish Meal in Diet for Juvenile Asian Red-Tailed Catfish Hemibagrus wyckioides

Evaluation of Cottonseed Meal as an Alternative to Fish Meal in Diet for Juvenile Asian Red-Tailed Catfish Hemibagrus wyckioides

Effects of dietary lysine level on the growth performance, protein metabolism, and antioxidant status in Hemibagrus wyckioides juveniles

Effects of Dietary Lysine Level on Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism in Juvenile Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)

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