<span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The use of fuzzy techniques has been considered to be one of the key components of data mining systems because of the affinity with human knowledge representation. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: MacmillanRoman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">A hybridization of fuzzy sets with genetic algorithms is described for </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'TimesNewRoman,Bold'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">Web mining</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: MacmillanRoman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> in t</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'TimesNewRoman,Bold'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">his paper. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdvPS6F00; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">It is based on a hybrid technique that combines the strengths of rough set theory and genetic algorithm.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: MacmillanRoman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'TimesNewRoman,Bold'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">The algorithm through the introduction of selection operators, crossover operators and mutation operators, improves the global convergence speed, and can effectively avoid prematurity. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: MacmillanRoman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The r...
A 10-week trial was performed to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed meal (CSM) on the growth rate, protein metabolism, and antioxidant response of Asian red-tailed catfish Hemibagrus wyckioides. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (C0, C8.5, C17.2, C25.7, and C34.4) were prepared to contain 0%, 8.5%, 17.2%, 25.7%, and 34.4% CSM replacing fishmeal, respectively. The weight gain, daily growth coefficient, pepsin, and intestinal amylase activities initially increased and then decreased with the raising dietary CSM levels; the highest values were observed in the C17.2 group ( P < 0.05 ). However, feed cost exhibited the opposite trend. With the increasing dietary CSM levels, the protein efficiency ratio and intestinal trypsin activity decreased but feed conversion rate increased gradually; while no differences were observed among the C0, C8.5, and C17.2 groups ( P > 0.05 ). Dietary CSM inclusion regardless of levels increased the plasma growth hormone level as well as hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities but decreased the plasma glutamate dehydrogenase and AST activities ( P < 0.05 ). With the increasing dietary CSM levels, the plasma alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and hepatic superoxide dismutase activities decreased but malondialdehyde content increased gradually, while no differences were observed among the C0, C8.5, and C17.2 groups ( P > 0.05 ). The plasma immunoglobulin M content and hepatic glutathione reductase activity initially increased but then decreased with the raising dietary CSM levels; the highest values were found in the C17.2 group. These results indicated that dietary CSM inclusion level up to 17.2% improved the growth rate, feed cost, digestive enzyme activity, and protein metabolism without compromising antioxidant capacity of H. wyckioide, whereas these parameters were depressed by further inclusion of CSM. CSM is a potentially cost-effective alternative plant protein source in diet of H. wyckioide.
An 11‐week feeding trial was conducted to assess the dietary lysine requirement for juvenile Hemibagrus wyckioides. Six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (41.66% crude protein, 20.56 kJ/g gross energy) containing 1.1%, 1.5%, 1.9%, 2.3%, 2.7%, and 3.1% lysine were prepared to feed juveniles (average initial body weights of 1.25 g), respectively. The weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio significantly improved with the dietary lysine level up to 2.3%, 1.9%, 2.3%, and 2.3%, and then plateaued afterwards. The highest midgut trypsin and lipase activities as well as plasma antioxidant enzyme activities and nitric oxide content but the lowest plasma malondialdehyde content were recorded in fish fed diet with 2.3% lysine. Fish fed diets with 1.9% or 2.3% lysine exhibited the highest plasma total protein and insulin contents, the lowest plasma ammonia content, and relative expression levels of glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver and adenosine monophosphate deaminase in the liver and muscle. Similarly, fish‐fed diet with 2.7% lysine showed the lowest hepatic alanine aminotransferase activity but the highest hepatic expression level of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Broken‐line regression analysis based on SGR and FCR showed that the dietary lysine requirement for juvenile H. wyckioides was 2.04% to 2.09%, while dietary lysine of 2.3% was optimum for the antioxidant status of H. wyckioides.
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