Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials for the development of biosensors and analytical devices: A review

Abstract

An important consideration for the development of biosensors is the adsorption of the bio recognition element to the surface of a substrate. As the first step in the immobilization process, adsorption affects most immobilization routes and much attention is given into the research of this process to maximize the overall activity of the bio sensor. The use of nanomaterials, specifically nanoparticles and nanostructured films, offers advantageous properties that can be fine-tuned for interaction with specific proteins to maximize activity, minimize structural changes, and enhance the catalytic step. In the biosensor field, protein-nanomaterial interactions are an emerging trend that span across many disciplines. This review addresses recent publications about the proteins most frequently used, their most relevant characteristics, and the conditions required to adsorb them to nanomaterials. When relevant and available, subsequent analytical figures of merits are discussed for selected biosensors. The general trend amongst the research papers allows concluding that the use of nanomaterials has already provided significant improvements in the analytical performance of many biosensors and that this research field will continue to grow.

Electrochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on silver nanocluster/horseradish peroxidase nanocomposite as signal probe

“…Among the different kinds of nanomaterials, noble metal based nanomaterials, such metal nanoparticles, metal nanorod and metal nanowire have attracted significant research interest due to the unique optical and electrical properties [10,11]. For example, studies have proved metal nanomaterials could promote electron transfer and then enhance the catalytic activity of enzymes [12][13][14].…”

An effective and in-situ method based tresyl-functionalized porous polymer material for enrichment and digestion of membrane proteins and its application in extraction tips

“…Moreover, to improve the efficiency of enriching proteins in the solution, a variety of research approaches have been developed. A lot of molecule interactions have been investigated as supports for sample loading on materials, such as van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions and coulombic forces [13]. However, relying only on the combination of the forces mentioned above will make the progress suffer from cumbersome steps, labor-intensive and incomplete immobilization because of the relatively weaker interaction.…”

Spectrophotometric determination of mercury(II) ions based on their stimulation effect on the peroxidase-like activity of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets

“…However, their large scale applications are restricted due to some intrinsic drawbacks such as low stability (easy denaturation and digestion), high cost, and rigorous stage requirements [1,2]. Therefore, development of artificial enzyme mimics as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to natural enzymes [3][4][5] is of significant interest.…”