No abstract

[1] Uniaxial compaction experiments have been carried out on wet calcite powders prepared from milled limestone, analytical grade calcite, and superpure calcite. The tests were performed at 28°C-150°C, effective stresses of 20-47 MPa, and a pore pressure of 20 MPa, using presaturated CaCO 3 solution as the pore fluid. Sample grain sizes ranged from 12 to 86 mm. The aim was to determine if creep occurs by intergranular pressure solution (IPS) under these conditions and to identify the rate-controlling process. The wet samples showed significant creep, while dry and oil-flooded samples did not. Wet samples were also characterized by microstructures such as sutured grain contacts, grain indentations, and overgrowths, suggesting the operation of IPS. The behavior of the wet samples at low strains (<4-5%) agreed well with the predictions of standard models for diffusion-controlled pressure solution. However, at higher strains (5-10%), creep slowed down compared with the model predictions. Transient flow-through tests performed in this regime led to an acceleration of creep, consistent with models for precipitation-controlled IPS, and demonstrated an increase in the impurity content of the pore fluid toward higher strains. Since some of these impurities (notably Mg 2+ ) retard precipitation in calcite, we suggest that creep occurred by diffusion-controlled IPS at low strain, giving way to precipitation control at larger strains as impurities accumulated. Fitting of the diffusion-controlled IPS model to the low strain data yielded values of the grain boundary diffusion product DS in calcite of ∼10 −19 m 3 s −1 at 150°C.

Magnetic zeolite microspheres are synthesized by combining sol‐gel synthesis and vapor‐phase transport. The microspheres, which have magnetite cores and crystalline zeolite shells (see figure), exhibit super‐paramagnetism and a high adsorption capacity for trypsin. Trypsin‐adsorbed microspheres digest proteins very efficiently (in only 15 s) in the presence of microwave radiation.

No abstract

Comparing with TURP, HoLEP showed slightly better postoperative results in Qmax and IPSS during 12-month follow-up, as well as significantly better perioperative results and similarly low complication rates. However, the operative time and the incidence of postoperative dysuria favor TURP. Generally, HoLEP is a promising minimal invasive alternative to TURP for treatment of BPH.