Protective Roles of Adipocytokines and Myokines in Cardiovascular Disease

Ouchi, Noriyuki; Ohashi, Koji; Shibata, Rei; Murohara, Toyoaki

doi:10.1253/circj.cj-16-0663

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…The indirect effect is mediated by a myokine targeting an organ involved in metabolic functions [e.g., adipose tissue (AT), pancreas, liver] which (dys)functioning can affect cardiovascular function. However, myokines are often able to act through both ways (8). For instance, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is induced, in both SKM and cardiac muscle, by ischemia and hypertrophic response and it has beneficial effects on vasculature (by limiting EC apoptosis, VSMC proliferation, and neointimal formation) and heart (by limiting cardiac ischemic injury, adverse cardiac remodeling, and cardiac rupture) (8,9).…”

Section: Overview Of Myokines With Cardiovascular Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, myokines are often able to act through both ways (8). For instance, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is induced, in both SKM and cardiac muscle, by ischemia and hypertrophic response and it has beneficial effects on vasculature (by limiting EC apoptosis, VSMC proliferation, and neointimal formation) and heart (by limiting cardiac ischemic injury, adverse cardiac remodeling, and cardiac rupture) (8,9). On the contrary, irisin induces white-to-brown transition of AT, increasing lipid oxidation-to-storage balance and improving the metabolic profile, finally improving cardiovascular function (10).…”

Section: Overview Of Myokines With Cardiovascular Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, based on their endocrine action, myokines are key mediators of those mechanisms involved in the exerciseassociated beneficial effects. In addition, several myokines are involved in cardiovascular regulation and many of them have protective effects in cardiovascular diseases (8). Despite the increasing interest in these bioactive musclederive factors and their possible clinical use, either as diagnostic/prognostic factors or therapeutic targets, only a few studies focused on the pre-analytical warnings in their measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output

Lombardi¹,

Sansoni²,

Banfi³

2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

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Abstract:In the last few years, a growing number of molecules have been associated to an endocrine function of the skeletal muscle. Circulating myokine levels, in turn, have been associated with several pathophysiological conditions including the cardiovascular ones. However, data from different studies are often not completely comparable or even discordant. This would be due, at least in part, to the whole set of situations related to the preparation of the patient prior to blood sampling, blood sampling procedure, processing and/or store. This entire process constitutes the pre-analytical phase. The importance of the preanalytical phase is often not considered. However, in routine diagnostics, the 70% of the errors are in this phase. Moreover, errors during the pre-analytical phase are carried over in the analytical phase and affects the final output. In research, for example, when samples are collected over a long time and by different laboratories, a standardized procedure for sample collecting and the correct procedure for sample storage are acknowledged. In this review, we discuss the pre-analytical variables potentially affecting the measurement of myokines with cardiovascular functions.

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Section: Overview Of Myokines With Cardiovascular Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Myokines With Cardiovascular Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output

Lombardi¹,

Sansoni²,

Banfi³

2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

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“…A range of myokines, hormones secreted by skeletal muscles during physical activity, have been identified; these include myostatin or brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (1,2). It has been postulated that low myokine levels play a role in metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myostatin, a transforming growth factor-β superfamily protein, regulates myoblast proliferation and is upregulated in cardiomyocytes surrounding infarct areas after myocardial infarction (5,6). Studies have shown that BDNF, which belongs to the neurotropin family, is expressed in nonneurogenic tissues, including skeletal muscles (2), and it regulates glucose metabolism in diabetic mice (7). However, recent research has focused on irisin, a newly identified myokine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Impact of Circulating Irisin on Classified Coronary Plaque Characteristics

Hirayama

Ishii

Kikuchi

et al. 2018

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine

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Background Myokines are hormones secreted by skeletal muscles during physical activity. Low myokine levels may contribute to metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders. Irisin, a newly identified myokine, has been the focus of recent research. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between circulating irisin levels and tissue characteristics of nonculprit left main coronary artery (LMCA) plaques with the use of integrated backscatter (IB) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods This observational study enrolled 55 Japanese patients following successful percutaneous coronary intervention for lesions in the left anterior descending arteries or left circumflex arteries. Circulating myokine levels, including myostatin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and irisin, were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue characteristics of LMCA plaque were evaluated by IB-IVUS. Results Circulating irisin levels were negatively associated with percent lipid volume (%LV) [r = −0.31 (95% CI, −2.52 to −0.21), P = 0.02] and positively associated with percent fibrous volume (%FV) [r = 0.32 (95% CI, 0.22–2.20), P = 0.02]. The optimal cutoff value of circulating irisin for the prediction of lipid-rich LMCA plaques was 6.02 μg/mL [area under the curve = 0.713, P < 0.01 (95% CI, 0.58–0.85)]. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified circulating irisin levels as independent predictors for %LV and %FV of the LMCA [β = −0.29 (95% CI, −2.53 to −0.07), P = 0.04 and β = 0.30 (95% CI, 0.10–2.23), P = 0.03, respectively]. Conclusions Circulating irisin levels are significantly associated with tissue characteristics of nonculprit LMCA plaques.

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Adiponectin Regulation and Function

Han

Judd

2018

Comprehensive Physiology

498

370

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Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ, capable of secreting a large number of endocrine factors which regulate a wide variety of physiological functions. Adiponectin is one such factor, secreted in large quantities primarily from adipose tissue. Adiponectin is posttranslationally modified from a 30-kDa monomeric protein into different multimers (low molecular weight or trimer, middle molecular weight or hexamer, and high molecular weight) and secreted into the circulation. Upon binding to its receptors, AdipoR1 and R2, adiponectin initiates a series of tissue-dependent signal transduction events, including phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) ligand activity. These signal transduction events are regulated by adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, and leucine zipper motif (APPL1), which binds directly to the intracellular regions of AdipoR1 and R2. AdipoR1 and R2 also possesses inherent ceramidase activity, resulting in a decrease in intracellular ceramide, a sphingolipid that has been implicated in insulin resistance, cell death, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin stimulates fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and inhibits glucose production in the liver, resulting in an improvement in whole-body energy homeostasis. Adiponectin is also a classic anti-inflammatory agent, reducing inflammation in various cell types through AdipoR1 and R2 signaling mechanisms. Adiponectin's anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties results in protection of the vasculature, heart, lung, and colon. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the discovery, protein structure, receptors, expression, regulation, and physiological functions of adiponectin. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1031-1063, 2018.

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Protective Roles of Adipocytokines and Myokines in Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 36 publications

References 81 publications

Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output

Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output

Clinical Impact of Circulating Irisin on Classified Coronary Plaque Characteristics

Adiponectin Regulation and Function

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