Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output

Abstract

Abstract:In the last few years, a growing number of molecules have been associated to an endocrine function of the skeletal muscle. Circulating myokine levels, in turn, have been associated with several pathophysiological conditions including the cardiovascular ones. However, data from different studies are often not completely comparable or even discordant. This would be due, at least in part, to the whole set of situations related to the preparation of the patient prior to blood sampling, blood sampling procedure, processing and/or store. This entire process constitutes the pre-analytical phase. The importance of the preanalytical phase is often not considered. However, in routine diagnostics, the 70% of the errors are in this phase. Moreover, errors during the pre-analytical phase are carried over in the analytical phase and affects the final output. In research, for example, when samples are collected over a long time and by different laboratories, a standardized procedure for sample collecting and the correct procedure for sample storage are acknowledged. In this review, we discuss the pre-analytical variables potentially affecting the measurement of myokines with cardiovascular functions.

Plasma Myokine Concentrations After Acute Exercise in Non-obese and Obese Sedentary Women

“…These results support the hypothesis of Nielsen and colleagues regarding the potential autocrine role of IL-8 in muscle metabolic adaptations to physical activity (Nielsen and Pedersen, 2007). On the other hand, IL-8 levels are higher in serum than in plasma (Lombardi et al, 2017). Perhaps, differences in circulating IL-8 levels after the exercise bout would have been more significant in serum than in plasma, as this myokine seems to be released primarily in that fraction of the blood.…”

“…These results align with the variations in circulating IL-6 levels that we observed over the 24 h following the acute exercise bout completed by our sedentary participants. As reviewed by Lombardi et al, acute increases in IL-6 secretion are better detected in plasma than in serum, further highlighting the relevance of our results (Lombardi et al, 2017).…”

“…Since Perez-Lopez and colleagues used the kit mentioned previously to detect IL-15, we again speculate that the differences in our results stem from the detection of the complexed form of IL-15 in our assay. Finally, the matrix does not affect IL-15 recovery when measuring this myokine in the circulation, which suggests that the results would have been similar if serum samples had been analyzed (Lombardi et al, 2017).…”

Beneficial effects of whole-body cryotherapy on glucose homeostasis and amino acid profile are associated with a reduced myostatin serum concentration

“…Furthermore, the variations in FGF21 concentrations can also be attributed to the different time points at which FGF21 was measured particulary because the circadian rhythm modulates a nightly increase and daily decrease in FGF21 56 . In order to standardize our data collection, and in an attempt to mitigate the impact of circadian rhythm on FGF21 concentration as well as other tested markers 57 , 58 , we collected blood samples at the same time of day on each day of our data collection.…”

Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practices in routine blood and urine collection among final year laboratory technician students, nursing students and house surgeons

“…For example, errors in measuring myokines for assessing cardiovascular diseases may fail to detect the disease. 2 Likewise, there are potential misdiagnoses due to mixing of thawed plasma. 3 The impact of delayed sample handling on interpretation of dysplastic signs has been studied.…”