Protective Role of Antibiotics (Anisomycin and Puromycin) Against Snake Venom Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Ahmed, Mushtaq; Ahmad, Akhlaq; Mushtaq, Nadia; Sher, Naila; Khan, Rahmat Ali

doi:10.1007/s10989-022-10482-2

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[ 114 ] The enzyme AChE quickly degrade the neurotransmitter AcSCh into acetic acid and choline. [ 115 ] The AChE inhibitory effect of free radical scavengers such as Vitamins C and D has been observed in a report. [ 116 ] People suffering from AD are recommended to take high doses of antioxidants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum‐assisted novel bio‐inspired silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer properties

Huda

Ahmed

Mushtaq

et al. 2023

Applied Organom Chemis

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This research aims to study the biogenic synthesis and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum extract-induced silver nanoparticles (HP-AgNPs) and to investigate its antioxidant, anti-alpha-amylase, and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. UV spectrometry at 417 nm with an surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of 1.54 confirmed the biosynthesis of HP-AgNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that HP-AgNPs are crystalline with a 36 nm size. The average size of 80 nm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The functional moieties bearing compounds accountable for the encapsulation and stability of HP-AgNPs were assessed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) demonstrated that silver was the main element (49%) of HP-AgNPs. HP-AgNPs showed the promising antioxidant potential of ABTS (71.57%), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 69.46%), H 2 O 2 (66.94%), ferric chloride (73.71%), and ammonium molybdenum (65.7%). HP-AgNPs exhibited significant enzymatic inhibition potential with IC 50 of 48.8 ± 4.03 μg/mL (α-amylase) and 51.78 ± 3.16 μg/mL (AChE). Kinetics studies showed that HP-AgNPs produced mixed-type inhibition against α-amylase (K m increased from 40.65 to 131.44%, whereas V max decreased from 4.14 to 9.77%) and non-competitivetype inhibition (V max decreased from 17.05 to 62.03% and K m remain constant) against AChE. Finally, it may be concluded that HP-AgNPs may possess anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant capabilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum‐assisted novel bio‐inspired silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer properties

Huda

Ahmed

Mushtaq

et al. 2023

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…The Lowry method [29] was used for total protein content determination, with BSA as a stock. A series of dilutions of 0.3 mg/mL BSA was prepared in the same buffer as that containing the unknown samples, to yield concentrations of 30-150 μg/mL.…”

Section: Protein Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in Heliotropium eichwaldi L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Sher,

Ahmed,

Mushtaq

et al. 2023

Nano Biomedicine and Engineering

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A simple green method for the production of silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Au BNPs) using a Heliotropium eichwaldi L. (HE) extract was designed in this study. The reduction of Ag/Au metals to stable Ag/Au BNPs within 24 h at pH 5 using 1 mL of HE at 40 °C signifies a greater rate of reaction compared with chemically elaborated synthesis. The confirmation of the synthesis and the examination of the size, shape, and elemental composition of these BNPs were performed using visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Stable, irregular-rod-shaped, and crystalline Ag/Au BNPs with a well-defined 6-nm diameter and a blue shift λ max of 532 nm were synthesized using the HE extract. Moreover, the anti-cholinesterase (anti-AChE) potential of the Ag/Au BNPs was tested as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). An excellent anti-AChE activity (IC 50 , 71.2 ± 0.22 μg/mL) was observed for these biogenic-synthesized NPs. A statistical analysis revealed that Ag/Au BNPs inhibited AChE competitively, according to a Lineweaver-Burk plot, with K m increasing from 0.019 to 0.063 (288%-1 185.7%) and V max remaining constant. The Ag/Au BNPs also caused an increase in K Iapp , from 128 to 1184 (236%-828%), whereas they did not affect V maxiapp . The K m , K I , and K i values were also calculated to be 0.005 3 mmol/L, 595.25 μg, and 80 μg, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that small-size, stable, and potent Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized successfully from HE extracts that exhibited anti-AChE activity, which renders them a significant remedy for AD.

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“…[23] Increasing the ACh level in the brain by using AChE inhibitors is thought to be an important approach for the treatment. [24,25] Conferring literature, several AChE inhibitory drugs, that is, tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine have been taken out from plant bases, [26] but inhibition of AChE in rat brains by plant-fabricated NPs is still not considered scientifically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver/gold allied bimetallic from Hippeastrum hybridum (L.) and their ex vivo anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain

Sher

Ahmed

Mushtaq

2023

Applied Organom Chemis

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Nanotechnology, a modern technique, is apprehensive for small‐size nanoparticle (NP) generation via superficial, straightforward, and pharmaceutically modes. The main aim of the current research was to project the development of a green justifiable method to synthesize Ag/Au bimetallic NPs (BNPs) via Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) extract and then to use these BNPs as rat brain anti‐acetylcholinesterase (anti‐AChE) in ex vivo mode. According to the current results, BNPs exhibited a sharp peak of 542 nm when characterized by ultravioet (UV)–visible spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis exhibited peaks, which confirmed the existence of various phytochemicals in HH plant extract; X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystal BNPs 8.34 nm mean size; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that BNPs had a square shape with 20‐nm nanomeasures calculated sizes; and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirmed Ag and Au composition, which was reported to be 12% and 38.26%, respectively. Moreover, the anti‐AChE potential of BNPs was also tested to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD). An excellent anti‐AChE activity was exhibited by BNPs in which AChE exhibited 31 ± 0.22% activity at 150‐μg concentration of BNPs with 103 ± 0.42 μg IC50. Statistical analysis exhibited that BNPs inhibit AChE noncompetitively, Km remain constant, whereas Vmax decreased from 7.24 to 6.1 (18.23% to 31.11%). Ag/Au BNPs do not affect KIapp, while increasing Vmaxiapp from 11.07 to 16 (17.39% to 67.4%). The Km, Ki, and KI were described to be 0.024 mM, 169 μg, and 91 μg, respectively. So, it is concluded that small‐size, stable, potent Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized from HH extract, and consequently, these BNPs significantly inhibit AChE activity in rat brain homogenate and thus prove to be a significant remedy in the treatment of AD.

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Protective Role of Antibiotics (Anisomycin and Puromycin) Against Snake Venom Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Fabrication and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum‐assisted novel bio‐inspired silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer properties

Fabrication and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum‐assisted novel bio‐inspired silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer properties

Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in Heliotropium eichwaldi L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver/gold allied bimetallic from Hippeastrum hybridum (L.) and their ex vivo anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain

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