Protective Potentials of Type III Interferons in COVID-19 Patients: Lessons from Differential Properties of Type I- and III Interferons

Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Nemati, Maryam; Saha, Bhaskar; Bansode, Yashwant D.; Jafarzadeh, Sara

doi:10.1089/vim.2020.0076

Cited by 34 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…The main findings evidenced that both type I interferon (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type II interferon (IFN-γ) levels raised after MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infection, in order to induce a host defense mechanism against virus due to its strong capacity to inhibit the replication of coronaviruses (16,47,48). According to the review published by Jafarzadeh et al (49), in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the IFNs response in the upper airways, in a general way, is able to drive to the viral elimination accompanied or not with mild/moderate symptoms. However, in some individuals, the SARS-CoV-2 infection can evade this antiviral IFN response, and then, spread in the body, which can elicit the exacerbated production of proinflammatory cytokines, a situation named cytokine storm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Nasal Mucosal Secretions, Distinct IFN and IgA Responses Are Found in Severe and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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Likely as in other viral respiratory diseases, SARS-CoV-2 elicit a local immune response, which includes production and releasing of both cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the levels of specific-SIgA for SARS-CoV-2 and cytokines in the airways mucosa 37 patients who were suspected of COVID-19. According to the RT-PCR results, the patients were separated into three groups: negative for COVID-19 and other viruses (NEGS, n = 5); negative for COVID-19 but positive for the presence of other viruses (OTHERS, n = 5); and the positive for COVID-19 (COVID-19, n = 27). Higher specific-SIgA for SARS-CoV-2, IFN-β, and IFN-γ were found in the COVID-19 group than in the other groups. Increased IL-12p70 levels were observed in OTHERS group as compared to COVID-19 group. When the COVID-19 group was sub stratified according to the illness severity, significant differences and correlations were found for the same parameters described above comparing severe COVID-19 to the mild COVID-19 group and other non-COVID-19 groups. For the first time, significant differences are shown in the airway's mucosa immune responses in different groups of patients with or without respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Nasal Mucosal Secretions, Distinct IFN and IgA Responses Are Found in Severe and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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“…A common finding in COVID-19 is lymphopenia, which is assumed to be due to the release of interferons [ 98 ]. IL-6 stimulates hepatocytes to produce acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and hepcidin [ 99 ].…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Characteristics Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19: a review of current evidence

Rahman¹,

Montero²,

Rowe³

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

208

143

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Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has created a public health crisis, infected millions of people, and caused a significant number of deaths. SARS-CoV-2 transmits from person to person through several routes, mainly via respiratory droplets, which makes it difficult to contain its spread into the community. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. Areas covered Direct person-to-person respiratory transmission has rapidly amplified the spread of coronavirus. In the absence of any clinically proven treatment options, the current clinical management of COVID-19 includes symptom management, infection prevention and control measures, optimized supportive care, and intensive care support in severe or critical illness. Developing an effective vaccine is now a leading research priority. Some vaccines have already been approved by the regulatory authorities for the prevention of COVID-19. Expert opinion General prevention and protection measures regarding the containment and management of the second or third waves are necessary to minimize the risk of infection. Until now, four vaccines reported variable efficacies of between 62–95%, and two of them (Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna) received FDA emergency use authorization. Equitable access and effective distribution of these vaccines in all countries will save millions of lives.

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“…In the innate immunity interferons (IFNs) provide the first protective border against viral infections [ 61 ]. Type I IFN signaling activates both STAT-1 and STAT-3 factors.…”

Section: Stat-3-mediated Signaling Pathways Affect Immune Responses Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, STAT-3-mediated inhibition of IFN response, especially during early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes virus spreading. Due to the importance of the IFN response during the initial phase of infection with SARS-CoV-2 [ 61 ], the local targeting of STAT-3 at this stage can improve IFN response and limit the virus spreading.…”

Section: Stat-3-mediated Signaling Pathways Affect Immune Responses Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of STAT3 to the pathogenesis of COVID-19

Jafarzadeh

Nemati

Jafarzadeh

2021

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Hyper-inflammatory responses, lymphopenia, unbalanced immune responses, cytokine storm, large viral replication and massive cell death play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Extreme production of many kinds of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines occur in severe COVID-19 that called cytokine storm. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) present in the cytoplasm in an inactive form and can be stimulated by a vast range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Thus, STAT-3 can participate in the induction of inflammatory responses during coronavirus infections. STAT-3 can also suppress anti-virus interferon response and induce unbalanced anti-virus adaptive immune response, through influencing Th17-, Th1-, Treg-, and B cell-mediated functions. Furthermore, STAT-3 can contribute to the M2 macrophage polarization, lung fibrosis and thrombosis. Moreover, STAT-3 may be directly targeted by some virus-derived protein and operate as a pro-viral or anti-viral element in a virus-specific process. Here, the possible contribution of STAT-3 to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 was explained, while providing potential approaches to target this transcription factor in an attempt for COVID-19 treatment.

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Protective Potentials of Type III Interferons in COVID-19 Patients: Lessons from Differential Properties of Type I- and III Interferons

Cited by 34 publications

References 137 publications

In Nasal Mucosal Secretions, Distinct IFN and IgA Responses Are Found in Severe and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection

In Nasal Mucosal Secretions, Distinct IFN and IgA Responses Are Found in Severe and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19: a review of current evidence

Contribution of STAT3 to the pathogenesis of COVID-19

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