Protective Potential of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. Roots against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats and Its In Vitro Antiviral Effect

Attallah, Nashwah G. M.; Kabbash, Amal; Negm, Walaa A.; Elekhnawy, Engy; Binsuwaidan, Reem; Al-Fakhrany, Omnia Momtaz; Shaldam, Moataz A.; Moglad, Ehssan; Tarek, Marwa; Samir, Nehal; fawzy, heba

doi:10.3390/ph16020318

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Other studies have indicated that S. lappa extract has partial antiviral activity with effectiveness of 75%, 65%, and 13% against the SARS CoV-2/Wuhan strain B.1.36 at concentrations of 1/64, 1/128, and 1/256 [26]. While the toxicity test also showed that S. lappa ethanol extract had a CC50 of 131.4 μg/ml, this result was similar to previous reports that showed S. lappa ethanol extracts had a CC50 of 162.9 μg/ml [27] and 70.36±0.8 µg/ml [28]. The selectivity index (SI) for this study was 3.51 points.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antiviral Activity of Saussurea Lappa Ethanol Extract Against Sars-Cov-2: In Vitro Study

FITRIANINGSIH,

SANTOSANINGSIH,

DJAJALAKSANA

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: The study aims to investigate the antiviral activity of S. lappa against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro. Methods: The extracts are obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with a 96% ethanol solvent. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) uses n-hexane: ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol) as mobile phases. The staining outcome is subsequently examined using UV visualizers with a wavelength of 366 nm. To assess the antiviral activity of Vero E6 cells, extracts were employed at doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/ml, with remdesivir serving as the positive control. Supernatants were collected on days 1, 2, 3, and 6 for qRT-PCR testing with target genes E and ORF1ab. Time-addition experiments were conducted to determine how the extract works as antiviral. Protein expression was tested with Western blots with antibodies S and N SARS-CoV-2. Results: TLC identifies terpenoid chemicals present in the ethanol extract of S. lappa. The ethanol extract of S. lappa exhibited antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 40 µg/ml, a cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) of 131.4 µg/ml, and a selectivity index of 3.51. The extract can potentially impact the entry-post-entry phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells. The immunoblotting results demonstrated a reduction in the expression of S and N proteins in the treatment group compared to the negative control. Conclusion: S. lappa ethanol extract has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 based on an in vitro study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antiviral Activity of Saussurea Lappa Ethanol Extract Against Sars-Cov-2: In Vitro Study

FITRIANINGSIH,

SANTOSANINGSIH,

DJAJALAKSANA

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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“…HPLC analysis of the EV is performed following [57] with some modifications. The SCRE was analyzed using an Agilent 1260 series instrument and Eclipse C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm i.d., 5 µm).…”

Section: High-performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plausible Protective Role of Encephalartos villosus Extract in Acetic-Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

Alanazi,

Elekhnawy

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory ailment of the intestine associated with the upregulation of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we aimed to assess the consequences of Encephalartos villosus (EV) Lem extract on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC. Rats were randomly classified into five groups, as follows: control, AA, AA + mesalazine, AA + EV (50 mg/kg), and AA + EV (100 mg/kg) groups. EV (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) and mesalzine (100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 14 days before the induction of UC. On the last day of the experiment, colitis was provoked via the intra-rectal delivery of 3% AA. Then, after 24 h, the rats were sacrificed and their colon tissues were isolated and inspected. Interestingly, EV pretreatment substantially (p < 0.05) reduced the elevated colon weight/length ratio and ulcer area and normalized the histological changes and immunohistochemical features. In addition, EV efficiently reduced the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GS-PX) and catalase (CAT). EV (100 mg/kg) resulted in a downregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and occludin expression levels. Concerning the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, EV reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) and inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels. It also decreased caspase-3 levels. Our results indicate that the oral intake of EV improves AA-induced colitis in rats through its antioxidative effects and the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the restoration of mucosal integrity. Consequently, EV may be an efficient therapeutic candidate for UC.

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“…The Saussurea genus encompasses many species that are known to contain sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenes, steroids, lignans, and flavonoids. It is worth noting that certain metabolites within this group have intriguing biological activity (Julianti, 2014;Attallah et al, 2023). The essential oil of the roots of S. costus is mainly composed of sesquiterpenoids, which account for approximately 79.80% of its total composition (Hanh et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of Saussurea costus root alleviates sodium nitrite-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating metabolic profile, inflammation, and apoptosis

Elshaer,

Hamad,

Sobhy

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a widely used food ingredient, although excessive concentrations can pose potential health risks. In the present study, we evaluated the deterioration effects of NaNO2 additives on hematology, metabolic profile, liver function, and kidney function of male Wistar rats. We further explored the therapeutic potential of supplementation with S. costus root ethanolic extract (SCREE) to improve NaNO2-induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this regard, 65 adult male rats were divided into eight groups; Group 1: control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 received SCREE in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, Group 5: NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight), Groups 6, 7 and 8 received NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight) in combination with SCREE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Our results revealed that the NaNO2-treated group shows a significant change in deterioration in body and organ weights, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and hepatorenal dysfunction, as well as immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, the NaNO2-treated group demonstrated a considerable increase in the expression of TNF-α cytokine and tumor suppressor gene P53 in the kidney and liver, while a significant reduction was detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and the apoptosis suppressor gene BCL-2, compared to the control group. Interestingly, SCREE administration demonstrated the ability to significantly alleviate the toxic effects of NaNO2 and improve liver function in a dose-dependent manner, including hematological parameters, lipid profile, and modulation of histopathological architecture. Additionally, SCREE exhibited the ability to modulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes in the liver and kidney. The phytochemical analysis revealed a wide set of primary metabolites in SCREE, including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, saponins and tannins, while the untargeted UPLC/T-TOF–MS/MS analysis identified 183 metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes. Together, our findings establish the potential of SCREE in mitigating the toxic effects of NaNO2 by modulating metabolic, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Together, this study underscores the promise of SCREE as a potential natural food detoxifying additive to counteract the harmful impacts of sodium nitrite.

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Protective Potential of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. Roots against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats and Its In Vitro Antiviral Effect

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Antiviral Activity of Saussurea Lappa Ethanol Extract Against Sars-Cov-2: In Vitro Study

Antiviral Activity of Saussurea Lappa Ethanol Extract Against Sars-Cov-2: In Vitro Study

Plausible Protective Role of Encephalartos villosus Extract in Acetic-Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

Supplementation of Saussurea costus root alleviates sodium nitrite-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating metabolic profile, inflammation, and apoptosis

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