Protective Effects of Triphala on Dermal Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes

Abstract

Human skin is body’s vital organ constantly exposed to abiotic oxidative stress. This can have deleterious effects on skin such as darkening, skin damage, and aging. Plant-derived products having skin-protective effects are well-known traditionally. Triphala, a formulation of three fruit products, is one of the most important rasayana drugs used in Ayurveda. Several skin care products based on Triphala are available that claim its protective effects on facial skin. However, the skin protective effects of Triphala extract (TE) and its mechanistic action on skin cells have not been elucidated in vitro. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulinic acid were deduced by LC-MS as the major constituents of TE. The identified key compounds were docked with skin-related proteins to predict their binding affinity. The IC50 values for TE on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were 204.90 ± 7.6 and 239.13 ± 4.3 μg/mL respectively. The antioxidant capacity of TE was 481.33 ± 1.5 mM Trolox equivalents in HaCaT cells. Triphala extract inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced RBC haemolysis (IC50 64.95 μg/mL), nitric oxide production by 48.62 ± 2.2%, and showed high reducing power activity. TE also rescued HDF from H2O2-induced damage; inhibited H2O2 induced cellular senescence and protected HDF from DNA damage. TE increased collagen-I, involucrin and filaggrin synthesis by 70.72 ± 2.3%, 67.61 ± 2.1% and 51.91 ± 3.5% in HDF or HaCaT cells respectively. TE also exhibited anti-tyrosinase and melanin inhibition properties in a dose-dependent manner. TE increased the mRNA expression of collagen-I, elastin, superoxide dismutase (SOD-2), aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), filaggrin, involucrin, transglutaminase in HDF or HaCaT cells, and decreased the mRNA levels of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. Thus, Triphala exhibits protective benefits on skin cells in vitro and can be used as a potential ingredient in skin care formulations.

Oxidative Stress and Cancer: Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Role of Triphala

“…Increases expression of SOD-2 in HDF or HaCaT skin cells. [49] Restores CAT, SOD, GST, GPx and GSH in bromobenzene treated rat kidney. [50] Prevents peroxidative damage by increasing GSH and GST and decreasing LPO in DMH treated mouse liver.…”

“…Triphala extract also inhibits H 2 O 2 -induced RBC haemolysis, nitric oxide production and shows high reducing power activity. As H 2 O 2 induces cellular damage, it has been shown that pretreatment with Triphala rescues the human dermal fibroblast from H 2 O 2 -induced damage, inhibits cellular senescence, and protects DNA from damage [49]. Triphala has been found to increase glutathione (GSH) and decrease malondialdehyde levels in enucleated rat lenses.…”

Triphala inhibits alpha-synuclein fibrillization and their interaction study by NMR provides insights into the self-association of the protein

“…[33][34][35][36][37] The scientic validation of the pharmaceutical properties of these Ayurvedic formulations is beginning to emerge. [33][34][35][36][37] Triphala, an Ayurvedic formulation containing naturally occurring polyphenols, is known to possess a wide range of medicinal properties such as free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inammatory, antimutagenic, antistress, hypoglycaemic and radioprotective which have been recently reviewed. 38 Some of these properties of Triphala are believed to be due to its polyphenolic constituents.…”

In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of extract comprising ceramides from de-oiled rice bran

“…In our study, RBE increased the filaggrin and involucrin content in HaCaT cells, the two proteins playing a crucial role in skin-barrier function. Earlier reports have shown that natural products increase the involucrin and filaggrin content in HaCaT cells, thereby maintaining skin barrier function (Satyabrata et al, 2016;Varma et al, 2016). In dermal pathophysiological course, AQP-3 can transport water and glycerol to epidermis, so AQP-3 is significant to epidermal barrier and water retention (Slominski et al, 2014).…”