Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus and Curry-Added Cooked Mixed Grain Rice Extracts on Oxidative Stress-Induced LLC-PK1 Cell Damage

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of methanolic extracts of cooked mixed grain rice samples, including grain rice (sorghum, black bean, proso millet, and Job's tears) mixed with fermented brown rice (GR), GR added with 0.5% water extract of Sanghwang mushroom (GRS) or 0.1% curry (GRK), and traditional five grain mixed rice (TMR, Ohgokbap), on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in LLC-PK1 pig renal epithelial cells. White rice (WR) was used as a positive control. Cells were first exposed to H2O2 (250 μM) for 4 hr, followed by treatment with 100 μg/mL of different GR extracts for 24 hr. H2O2 significantly induced cell damage (P<0.05). Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were measured. In addition, mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were determined by RT-PCR assay. Mixed grain rice, particularly GRS and GRK, were able to reduce cellular levels of ROS, decrease lipid peroxidation, and also increase mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes compared to other samples. These results suggest that mixed grain rice, specifically GRS and GRK, have strong protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative injury in LLC-PK1 cells through inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of ROS levels, and elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities.

Dietary Turmeric Consumption Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis via Restoring Tryptophan Metabolism and Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice

“…UC is a chronic inflammation of intestinal tract, and its incidence is remarkably increasing all over the world. However, the current treatment strategies for UC are limited, with many side effects. , Studies have shown that dietary TP consumption has been found to exhibit the potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunoregulatory functions. − However, the beneficial effects of dietary TP consumption with prophylaxis and protection against the DSS-induced UC have not yet been reported. Currently, our results indicate that the mice fed with 8% TP merged in standard mouse chow for 37 days gave a remarkably protective response on UC via regulating the metabolites of gut microbiota.…”

“…It is rich in functional components especially polyphenols and polysaccharides with many biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, and immune regulatory effects. , Clinical studies have shown that turmeric consumption could elevate the serum antioxidant levels . Interestingly, consumption of a curried rice with turmeric as the main ingredient was related with the improvement of inflammatory response . Thus, turmeric powder (TP) has attracted much attention for its promising bioactivity against colonic inflammation.…”

“…17 Interestingly, consumption of a curried rice with turmeric as the main ingredient was related with the improvement of inflammatory response. 18 Thus, turmeric powder (TP) has attracted much attention for its promising bioactivity against colonic inflammation. A recently published study has demonstrated that turmeric exhibits anti-inflamma-tory effects mainly by increasing the abundance of intestinal probiotics.…”

Dietary Mixed Cereal Grains Ameliorate the Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colonic Carcinogenesis in C57BL/6J Mice

“…In our previous studies, we have reported that brown rice, Sorghum bicolor, Coix lacryma-jobi, Panicum miliaceum and black soybean showed great antimutagenic and anticancer activity [12,23]. In addition, we also reported that brown rice enriched with mixed cereal grains showed an excellent free radical scavenging activity and effectively protected against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells [24]. Also, the modulation of ingredient composition in MCGs, such as by adding…”