Protective effects of Avena sativa against oxidative stress‐induced kidney damage resulting from an estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized Swiss mice model

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Avena sativa and to confirm its protective effects on estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized mice (OVX) model. Animals were treated during 21 and 60 days as follows: negative control, positive control treated with oat, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized receiving hormonal or oat treatments, respectively. 21 days post‐surgery, our results showed that ovariectomy increases weight gain and urea level in plasma. After 60 days of treatment, OVX showed a gain in weight, high increases in relative kidney weight, plasmatic creatinine, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, and protein oxidation as shown by elevated protein carbonyl (PCO) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels. On the other side, a decrease was detected in catalase activity. Meanwhile, no significant changes in urea level, lipid peroxidation, SOD and GSH activity were detected. Conversely, supplementation with oat reduced weight gain, as well as oxidative stress and oxidation protein in the kidney of OVX mice. Practical applications In our study, we removed the two ovaries of adult female mice in order to eliminate the essential source of steroid hormones. Deficiency in these sexual hormones, especially estrogen, leads to several physiological and morphological disturbances that are found in post‐menopausal women. The gain in weight and oxidative kidney damages were the main health problems detected in ovariectomized animals. This work explored for the first time the use of oat grains as a safe natural remedy to treat all previous health problems and to avoid carcinogenic effects of the menopausal hormone therapy. Owing to its health benefits, this cereal species has recently gained attention as an important source of antioxidants and fibers. Thanks to these two components, it can be able to restore all indicated disturbances. Therefore, this cereal can be very useful in the prevention of obesity and kidney oxidative damage occurring during menopause.

Protective effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on apoptosis and oxidative stress in the kidney and liver of ovariectomized rats

“…The mean GSH levels and GSH Px activities in the Discussion 17-β is a considerable hormone in the maintenance of the functions of the many tissues, including the liver and kidney tissues (Brady, 2015;El-Gendy et al 2019;Ltaif et al 2020;Xu et al 2020). It is possible that the abrupt reduction in 17-β levels by OV can trigger complex functional and structural disturbances with consequent changes in this tissues (Kumar et al 2011;Xu et al 2020).…”

“…It is well known that these changes are related to the decrease in the ovarian hormone, especially 17-β estradiol (17-β) (Nazıroğlu et al 2004;Yazğan et al 2016). 17-β has been shown to have a comprehensive organ protective role as well as antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects (Brady, 2015;Yazğan et al 2016;Yazğan and Nazıroğlu, 2017;Ltaif et al 2020). It is known that the decrease in ovarian hormones after menopause induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in many body tissues (Dilek et al 2010;Lamas et al 2015).…”

“…It is known that the decrease in ovarian hormones after menopause induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in many body tissues (Dilek et al 2010;Lamas et al 2015). Mitochondria have important roles in cell metabolism, cell viability (MTT), apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis (Shukla et al 2009;Ltaif et al 2020). The treatment of 17-β has been shown to regulate the structure and function of mitochondria, particularly in tissues that have a high energy demand such as liver and kidney (Konyalioglu et al 2007;Shukla et al 2009).…”

“…Ovariectomy procedure in experimental animals is an important model to investigate the effects of estradiol deficiency in menopause (Konyalioglu et al 2007;Yazğan and Nazıroğlu, 2017). Removal of the ovaries increases oxidative stress with high ROS production, which leads to pathological changes in kidney and liver tissues (Konyalioglu et al 2007;Ltaif et al 2020). It was demonstrated that the postmenopausal women have higher serum concentrations of oxidative markers of lipid peroxidation and oxidized GSH (Doshi and Agarwal, 2013).…”

“…It has been reported that free radical production and apoptotic pathways are regulated by the treatments of 17-β, TAM, and RAL (Yang et al 2004;Moreira et al 2005;Konyalioglu et al 2007;Moreira et al 2007;Moreira et al 2011;Yazğan and Nazıroğlu, 2017). Numerous studies have shown that estrogen is a powerful antioxidant (Kumar et al 2011;Fidarov et al 2015;Yazğan and Nazıroğlu, 2017;Gendy et al 2019;Ltaif et al 2020;Xu et al 2020). Recent studies documented that RAL has antioxidant properties in vitro (Arteaga et al 2003;Mann et al 2007).…”