Protective effects of hesperidin in experimental testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

IntroductionIn this study, we aimed to determine the protective effects of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, in a model of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Material and methodsForty-two pubertal male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups: group 1 – control; group 2 – 50 mg/kg hesperidin (low dose hesperidin) used without torsion (LH group); group 3 – 100 mg/kg hesperidin without torsion (HH group); group 4 – torsion/detorsion group (T/D); group 5 – T/D + 50 mg/kg hesperidin treatment group (T/D + LH); and group 6 – T/D + 100 mg/kg hesperidin treatment group (T/D + HH). Hesperidin was given to the treatment groups 30 min before detorsion. After the fourth hour of reperfusion, orchiectomy was performed on the rats under anesthesia. The tissue samples were examined histologically and biochemically.ResultsIn the T/D group testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased significantly (p < 0.001) whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased compared to the control and other groups. However, hesperidin caused the effect of T/D to become closer to normal biochemical values. In addition, the histological examinations showed that T/D caused damage in the testis but hesperidin reduced this effect. The effects of hesperidin were found to be dose dependent. Thus, applying high doses would generate greater therapeutic effects.ConclusionsIn a rat testicular T/D model we observed biochemical and histological damage due to ischemia. However, high and low dose applications of hesperidin were shown to have protective effects against this damage. Therefore, the aforementioned citrus flavonoid may provide positive results in cases of testicular torsion.

Effect of metformin on germ cell-specific apoptosis, oxidative stress and epididymal sperm quality after testicular torsion/detorsion in rats

“…Recently, a number of chemical agents and drugs such as oxygen radical scavengers have been successfully used to reduce the I/R injury in animal models of testicular torsion. But only few of them are currently in clinical use because of severe adverse effects (Celik et al., ; Dokmeci et al., ; Jahromi, Rasooli, Kamali, Ahmadi, & Sattari, ; Meštrović et al., , ; Zavras et al., ).…”

Antioxidants in experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury of the testis: Where are we heading towards?

“…Hesperidin, is another antioxidant compound belonging to flavones with significant antioxidant effects in many tissues[ 82 , 83 ]. Hesperidin was given intraperitoneally by Celik et al[ 12 ] in an experimental group of rats underwent TT and the sample was compared to control group. They found a reduced effect on histological examinations of the hesperidin group when compared to control, while MDA levels were increased, and SOD, catalase and GSH levels were decreased as compared to the control group, concluding that hesperidin has positive results in cases of TT.…”

“…There are two kinds of injuries responsible for testicular necrosis after TT: The first is related to ischemia (I) injury during torsion, and the second to reperfusion (R) injury during detorsion[ 12 ]. I/R injury can cause cell damage from generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, anoxia and alteration in microvascular blood flow, which finally lead to testicular atrophy[ 13 ].…”

Carvacrol treatment opens Kir6.2 ATP-dependent potassium channels and prevents apoptosis on rat testis following ischemia–reperfusion injury model

“…When the testis tissue rotates around the spermatic cord and veins, blood flow stops, and tissue damage begins [ 1 ]. Testicular torsion–detorsion causes testicular damage because torsion leads to ischemia and detorsion causes reperfusion injury [ 34 ]. IR injury leads to increase of ROS, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in tissues [ 8 ].…”